| Identification | Back Directory | [Name]
ASBESTOS | [CAS]
1332-21-4 | [Synonyms]
4T04
7N05
7RF10
7R-F9
AT 7-1
Asbest
ASBESTOS
ncic09007
Amphibole
Actinolite
AMPHIBOLES
krokydolith
crocidolite
ASBESTOSDUST
SERPENTENITE
ASBESTOSFIBRE
ASBESTOSFIBRES
Asbestos, fibers
Asbestos exposure
AMPHIBOLEASBESTOS
ASBESTOSFIBERDUST
ASBESTOSCEMENTDUST
Asbestos, exposure
crocidoliteasbestos
asbestos,crocidolite
Asbestos acid washed
Asbestos substitutes
Asbestos unspecified
ASBESTOS-CEMENTSHEETS
ASBESTOS-CEMENT-PLATES
Asbestos synthetic fibers
fibrouscrocidoliteasbestos
amorphouscrocidoliteasbestos
Asbestos (all forms) fibers/cc or ml
ASBESTOS FOR GOOCH CRUCIBLES ACID & | [EINECS(EC#)]
603-721-4 | [Molecular Formula]
CaMg3(SiO3)4 | [MDL Number]
MFCD00146012 |
| Chemical Properties | Back Directory | [Definition]
A group of impure magnesium sil-
icate minerals that occur in fibrous form.
| [Appearance]
White or greenish (chrysotile), Blue (crocidolite),
or gray-green (amosite) fibrous, odorless solids; freezing/
melting point5600 C (Decomposes). Hazard
identification (based on NFPA-704 M Rating System):
Health 2; flammability 0; reactivity 0. Insoluble in water.
Asbestos is a generic term that applies to a number of naturally
occurring, hydrated mineral silicates incombustible in
air and separable into filaments. The most widely used in
industry in the United States is chrysotile, a fibrous form of
serpentine. Other types include amosite, crocidolite, tremolite,
anthophyllite, and actinolite. | [form ]
Fibers of various sizes,
colors and textures | [Stability:]
Stable. Non-combustible. | [Dielectric constant]
3.0 - 4.8（0.0℃） | [Uses]
As asbestos, particularly in acid-resisting applications,
ceramics, paint. | [IARC]
1 (Vol. 14, Sup 7, 100C) 2012 | [EPA Substance Registry System]
Asbestos (1332-21-4) |
| Hazard Information | Back Directory | [Chemical Properties]
Asbestos, a naturally occurring fi brous mineral, is widespread in nature. Asbestos is noncombustible,
resistant to heat, and features a low conductivity and is insoluble in water.
Asbestos is classifi ed into two groups: (i) serpentine and (ii) amphibole. The serpentine
group includes: (i) chrysotile: molecular formula: Mg3Si2O5(OH)4; and (ii) crocidolite:
molecular formula: Na2Fe2(Fe,Mg)3Si8O22(OH)2. The amphibole group includes (i) amosite:
molecular formula: Na2Fe2(Fe,Mg)3Si8O22(OH)2; (ii) anthophyllite: molecular formula:
Mg7Si8O22(OH)2; (iii) tremolite: molecular formula: Ca2Mg5Si8O22(OH)2; and (iv) actinolite:
molecular formula: Ca2(Mg,Fe)5Si8O22(OH)2.
Asbestos fi bers can be very small—up to 700 times smaller than a human hair. Because
it is fi re resistant, resists many chemicals, and is an excellent insulator, asbestos was added
to a variety of building materials and other products. The most important deposits are to
be found in the former Soviet Union, Canada, and South Africa. Natural emissions are
produced, for example, by the weathering of serpentine rocks.
Asbestos is not a chemical element, but rather an umbrella term for two groups of minerals,
namely, serpentine and amphibole asbestos. Asbestos is a fi brous, impure mineral and
its color varies between pure white and green, brown or gray, depending on the iron-oxide
content. Crocidolite is blue or blue asbestos with fi bers between 20 and 25 nm long that are
smooth and greasy to the touch. Asbestos, because of its heat resistance, suppleness, and
its capacity for being incorporated into inorganic and organic binders, is used in industry
for thermal insulation, fi reproofi ng, and sealing, in addition to acting as a fi ller in the
production of countless composites (more than 3000). Economic exploitation is centered on
chrysotile asbestos from the serpentine group (95%). Five percent of amphibole asbestos is
used for asbestos fi ber production.
Spun asbestos is used for fi reproof, chemical-resistant clothing. When mixed with
cement, asbestos is cast to form panels and pipes (70%–90% of the world’s production is
used in the construction industry in Western Europe; acc. WHO, 1987). Asbestos has also
been used as a fi lter material in the drinks and pharmaceutical industry and for the manufacture
of brake and clutch linings for motor vehicles. | [Chemical Properties]
white, cream, brown or blue fibrous material; | [General Description]
Any of a group of impure magnesium silicate minerals that occur as slender, strong, flexible fibers. Colors range from white to gray, green, brown. Resistant to fire and most solvents. Breathing of ASBESTOS dust causes ASBESTOSis and lung cancer. Used as a heat resistant material, in cement, furnace bricks, and in brake linings. | [Air & Water Reactions]
Insoluble in water. | [Reactivity Profile]
ASBESTOS minerals are generally unreactive. | [Fire Hazard]
Some may burn but none ignite readily. Containers may explode when heated. Some may be transported hot. | [Health Hazard]
Various asbestos-induced illnesses are known from the industrial-medicine sector in which
the size of the fi bers plays a crucial role. Generally speaking, fi bers with a diameter of <2 m
and a length of >5 μm are considered to be hazardous to health (diameter:length = 1:3).
Such a fi ber size is capable of entering the lungs, accumulating and becoming encapsulated.
Fibers have also been found to have a certain migration capability in the organism
and the cell metabolism. Accumulation in the lungs causes sclerosis of the pulmonary
alveoli, thereby impairing oxygen exchange. The inhalation of large quantities of fi ber can
cause asbestosis, which increases the risk of bronchial cancer. In particular, dusts <200 μm
are highly toxic and are suspected of being a direct cause of tumors. Exposure to asbestos
irritates the eyes and the respiratory tract. Direct penetration into damaged skin produces
excessive hornifi cation. Fibers in the lungs cause chronic bronchitis, irritation of the pleura
and pleurisy. Distension of the lungs can result in lung cancer. Workplace exposure may
produce periods of latency in the gastrointestinal tract lasting up to 40 years. To date, there
are no known characteristic toxicology data (DVGW, 1988).
Asbestos fi bers are released into the environment by natural and anthropogenic processes.
The liberation of asbestos during the manufacture and processing of materials containing asbestos must be signifi cantly reduced, especially in confi ned areas and at
workplaces because of the great hazard to the respiratory organs, in particular the lungs.
There is increasing speculation that the oral intake of asbestos can cause tumors. Therefore,
there is no justifi cation for the further use of asbestos cement in drinking water pipes.
Numerous products containing substitute materials are now making it possible to dispense
with the use of substances containing asbestos. | [Potential Exposure]
Most asbestos is used in the construction
industry. Much of it is firmly bonded, i.e., the asbestos
is “locked in” in such products as floor tiles, asbestos
cements, and roofing felts, and shingles; while the remaining
8% is friable or in powder forms present in insulation
materials, asbestos cement powders, and acoustical products.
As expected, these latter materials generate more airborne
fibers than the firmly bonded products. The asbestos
used in nonconstruction industries is utilized in such products
as textiles; friction material including brake linings
and clutch facings; paper, paints, plastics, roof coatings;
floor tiles, and miscellaneous other products. Significant
quantities of asbestos fibers appear in rivers and streams
draining from areas where asbestos-rock outcroppings are
found. Some of these outcroppings are being mined.
Asbestos fibers have been found in a number of drinking
water supplies, but the health implications of ingesting
asbestos are not fully documented. Emissions of asbestos
fibers into water and air are known to result from mining
and processing of some minerals. Exposure to asbestos
fibers may occur throughout urban environments perhaps
resulting from asbestos from brake linings and the flaking
of sprayed asbestos insulation material. In recent years,
much effort has been put into removal of asbestos insulation,
particularly from schools and other public buildings
where worn or exposed asbestos causes public exposure.
Incompatibilities: None | [First aid]
If this chemical gets into the eyes, remove any
contact lenses at once and irrigate immediately for at least
15 minutes, occasionally lifting upper and lower lids. Seek
medical attention immediately. If this chemical contacts the
skin, remove contaminated clothing and wash immediately
with soap and water. | [Shipping]
UN2212 Blue asbestos (Crocidolite) or Brown
asbestos (amosite, mysorite), Hazard class: 9; Labels:
9-Miscellaneous hazardous material. UN2590 White asbestos
(chrysotile, actinolite, anthophyllite, tremolite), Hazard
class: 9; Labels: 9-Miscellaneous hazardous material. | [Description]
Asbestos is a fibrous silicate of
magnesium and calcium. However, the “extender”,
known as “asbestine”, that has come to the forefront in
paint making, is really a ring silicate of magnesia and
slightly alkaline, but without the fibrous texture of
asbestos or amianth. Asbestine pulp (as a certain variety
of the material mined at the foot of the Adirondack
mountains is known to the trade), although it is sold
in the dry powdered form, belongs really to the soapstone
or talc variety. But it is not as unctuous as either
of those, has a harder texture, and is of whiter color
than either soapstone or talc. | [Waste Disposal]
Asbestos may be recovered
from waste asbestos slurries as an alternative to disposal.
Landfilling is an option for disposal if carefully
controlled. | [Physical properties]
White or greenish (chrysotile), Blue (crocidolite), or gray-green (amosite) fibrous, odorless solids; freezing/ melting point5600 C (Decomposes). Hazard identification (based on NFPA-704 M Rating System): Health 2; flammability 0; reactivity 0. Insoluble in water. Asbestos is a generic term that applies to a number of naturally occurring, hydrated mineral silicates incombustible in air and separable into filaments. The most widely used in industry in the United States is chrysotile, a fibrous form of serpentine. Other types include amosite, crocidolite, tremolite, anthophyllite, and actinolite.
| [Hazard]
Inhalation of dust or fine particles is dangerous.
Carcinogenic. | [Industrial uses]
Any of six naturally occurring minerals characterizedby being extremely fibrous (asbestiform),strong, and incombustible. They areutilized in commerce for fire protection; asreinforcing material for tiles, plastics, andcements; for friction materials; and for thousandsof other uses. Because of a great concernover the health effects of asbestos, many countries have promulgated strict regulationsfor its use. The six minerals designated asasbestos also occur in a nonfibrous form. Inaddition, there are many other minerals thatmorphologically mimic asbestos because oftheir fibrous nature.
The important characteristics of the asbestosminerals that make them unique are theirfibrous form; high strength and surface area;resistance to heat, acids, moisture, and weathering;and good bonding characteristics withmost binders such as resins and cement.
Asbestos is used for many types of products because of its chemical and thermal stability, high tensile strength, flexibility, low electrical conductivity, and large surface area. Past uses of asbestos, such as sprayed-on insulation, where the fibers may become easily airborne, have been generally abandoned. Asbestos is used predominantly for the construction industry in the form of cement sheets, coatings, pipes, and roofing products. Additional important uses are for reinforcing plastics and tiles, for friction materials, and packings and gaskets. | [Carcinogenicity]
Asbestos and all commercial forms of asbestos are known to be human carcinogens based on sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity from
studies in humans. | [storage]
Color Code—Blue: Health Hazard/Poison: Store ina secure poison location. Prior to working with asbestosworkers must be, by law, trained in its proper handling andstorage. Asbestos should be stored wet with special surfactants and water. Keep asbestos in closed, impermeable,sealed containers. Protect against physical damage. A regulated, marked area should be established where this chemicalis handled, used, or stored in compliance with OSHAStandard 1910.1045. | [Incompatibilities]
None. |
| Safety Data | Back Directory | [Hazard Codes ]
T | [Risk Statements ]
45-48/23 | [Safety Statements ]
53-45 | [RIDADR ]
UN 2590 9/PG 3
| [WGK Germany ]
3
| [RTECS ]
CI6475000
| [Safety Profile]
Confirmed human
carcinogen producing lung tumors.
Experimental neoplastigenic and
tumorigenic data. Human pulmonary system
effects by inhalation. Usually at least 4 to 7
years of exposure are required before
serious lung damage (fibrosis) results.
Mutation data reported. A common air
contaminant. | [Hazardous Substances Data]
1332-21-4(Hazardous Substances Data) | [Toxicity]
TCLo inhalation in human: 1.2fb/cc/19Y- |
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