アンフェタミン 化学特性,用途語,生産方法
解説
アンフェタミン．ベンゼドリン(benzedrine)ともいう．覚せい剤の一つ．ベンジルメチルケトンのオキシムを還元するか，またはホルムアミドと反応させてつくられる．アミン臭のある液体．沸点200～203 ℃．硫酸塩(融点320～322 ℃ 分解)は白色の結晶で，水に溶けやすく，中枢神経，交感神経の興奮作用をもつ．わが国では製造・使用が禁止されているが，外国ではやせ薬として使われる．
用途
アンフェタミン（英語: amphetamine, alpha-methylphenethylamine）とは、間接型アドレナリン受容体刺激薬としてメタンフェタミンと同様の中枢興奮作用を持つ。アメリカでは商品名Adderallで販売され、適応は注意欠陥?多動性障害 (ADHD) のみである。強い中枢興奮作用と精神依存性、薬剤耐性がある。
効能
中枢神経刺激薬
化学的特性
Colorless, volatile liquid; characteristic strong odor; slight burning taste. Soluble in alcohol and ether; slightly soluble in water.
使用
Stimulant (central).
世界保健機関（WHO）
Amfetamine and its derivatives are potent central stimulants. Use
of amfetamines has widely been discouraged due to abuse of their euphoric effect
and their limited field of usefulness. Amfetamines have a place in the treatment of
narcolepsy and in hyperkinetic syndrome in children. However, they are no longer
recommended for use in obesity or depressive illness. Amfetamine is controlled
under Schedule II of the 1971 Convention on Psychotropic Substances.
(Reference: (UNCPS2) United Nations Convention on Psychotropic Substances (II),
, , 1971)
一般的な説明
Colored liquid with an amine odor. Used as a pharmaceutical, a central nervous system stimulant.
反応プロフィール
Amines, such as D/L-AMPHETAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE, are chemical bases. They neutralize acids to form salts plus water. These acid-base reactions are exothermic. The amount of heat that is evolved per mole of amine in a neutralization is largely independent of the strength of the amine as a base. Amines may be incompatible with isocyanates, halogenated organics, peroxides, phenols (acidic), epoxides, anhydrides, and acid halides. Flammable gaseous hydrogen is generated by amines in combination with strong reducing agents, such as hydrides.
危険性
Flammable, moderate fire risk. Basis of a group of hallucinogenic (habit-forming) drugs that affect the central nervous system. Sale and use restricted to physicians. Production limited by law.
健康ハザード
D/L-AMPHETAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE is classified as extremely hazardous. Probable lethal dose in humans is 5-50 mg/kg or 7 drops to 1 teaspoon for a 70 kg (150 lb.) person. Habit forming drug which affects the central nervous system. Excessive use may lead to tolerance and physical dependence. Death is possible.
火災危険
Dangerous when exposed to heat or flames. Upon decomposition, nitrogen oxides are emitted. Can react with oxidizing materials.
安全性プロファイル
A deadly human poison
by an unspecified route. An experimental
poison by ingestion, subcutaneous,
intraperitoneal, and intravenous routes.
Experimental reproductive effects. Mutation
data reported. A central nervous system
stimulant. Overdoses cause hyperactivity,
restlessness, insomnia, rapid pulse, rise in
blood pressure, dilated pupils, dryness of the
throat. Combustible when exposed to heat,
flame, or oxidizers. When heated to
decomposition it emits toxic fumes of NO,.
To fight fire, use CO2, dry chemical, alcohol
foam, water mist, fog. See other benzedrine
entries.
職業ばく露
Amphetamine is used as a pharmaceutical.
It is a CNS stimulant.
環境運命予測
Amphetamines are indirect acting sympathomimetics, producing
their effects by inhibiting the transporters of dopamine, norepinephrine,
and serotonin at the presynaptic nerve terminal. This increases the release of norepinephrine, dopamine,
and serotonin and increased norepinephrine levels at
central synapses, which further stimulates alpha and beta receptors.
Some amphetamines also inhibit monoamine oxidase,
preventing the breakdownof catecholamines. Thesemechanisms
combine to produce the sympathomimetic and central nervous
system (CNS) effects seen with amphetamine abuse.
輸送方法
UN2811 Toxic solids, organic, n.o.s., Hazard
Class: 6.1; Labels: 6.1-Poisonous materials, Technical
Name Required.
不和合性
Incompatible with oxidizers (chlorates,
nitrates, peroxides, permanganates, perchlorates, chlorine,
bromine, fluorine, etc.); contact may cause fires or explosions.
Keep away from alkaline materials, strong bases,
strong acids, oxoacids, epoxides.
廃棄物の処理
It is inappropriate and possibly
dangerous to the environment to dispose of expired or
waste pharmaceuticals by flushing them down the toilet or
discarding them to the trash. Household quantities of
expired or waste pharmaceuticals may be mixed with wet
cat litter or coffee grounds, double-bagged in plastic, discard
in trash. Larger quantities shall carefully take into consideration
applicable DEA, EPA, and FDA regulations. If
possible return the pharmaceutical to the manufacturer for
proper disposal being careful to properly label and securely
package the material. Alternatively, the waste pharmaceutical
shall be labeled, securely packaged and transported by a
state licensed medical waste contractor to dispose by burial
in a licensed hazardous or toxic waste landfill or incinerator
Dissolve or mix the material with a combustible solvent
and burn in a chemical incinerator equipped with an afterburner
and scrubber. All federal, state, and local environmental
regulations must be observed.
アンフェタミン 上流と下流の製品情報
原材料
準備製品