アクチノマイシンD 化学特性,用途語,生産方法
外観
黄赤色, 結晶性粉末〜粉末
解説
アクチノマイシンD,橙赤(とうせき)色ないし赤色の結晶または結晶性粉末。ウィルムス腫瘍の特効薬で、絨毛(じゅうもう)上皮腫、破壊性胞状奇胎にも適応される。DNA（デオキシリボ核酸）のグアニンと結合して複合体をつくるところからDNA依存性のRNAポリメラーゼの作用が阻害され、RNA（リボ核酸）の生成が抑制されることが作用機序（メカニズム）と考えられている。注射剤として使用される。
小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ) ）
用途
DNA に結合し、RNA 合成（特
に rRNA 合成）を選択的に阻害し、抗腫瘍作
用を示します。
効能
抗悪性腫瘍薬
製造
アクチノマイシンDともいい、ストレプトミセス・パルブルスStreptomyces parvullusの産生する抗悪性腫瘍(しゅよう)性抗生物質である。
商品名
コスメゲン (ノーベルファーマ)
使用上の注意
不活性ガス封入
化学的特性
Actinomycin D is a combustible, bright red crystalline solid.
使用
Actinomycin D is the most studied member of a family of unique bicyclic depsipeptides produced by several Streptomyces species. The depsipeptides are linked by a heterocyclic benzoxazone "anchor" that gives the metabolites a highly distinctive red/orange colour. Actinomycin D exhibits potent antibiotic and antitumour activity via DNA intercalation leading to the inhibition of nucleic acid synthesis. Tumour cell death has been demonstrated to occur by apoptosis.
適応症
Dactinomycin (actinomycin D, Cosmegen) is one of a
family of chromopeptides produced by Streptomyces. It
is known to bind noncovalently to double-strand DNA
by partial intercalation, inhibiting DNA-directed RNA
synthesis. The drug is most toxic to proliferating cells,
but it is not specific for any one phase of the cell cycle.
Resistance to dactinomycin is caused by decreased ability
of tumor cells to take up and retain the drug, and it
is associated with cross-resistance to vinca alkaloids, the
anthracyclines, and certain other agents (multidrug resistance).
一般的な説明
Bright red rhomboid prisms or red powder.
空気と水の反応
Water soluble.
反応プロフィール
Actinomycin D can react with strong oxidizing agents, strong acids and strong bases.
火災危険
Flash point data for Actinomycin D are not available. Actinomycin D is probably combustible.
生物活性
Anti-neoplastic antibiotic. Inhibits RNA polymerase and is a potent inducer of apoptosis.
作用機序
Dactinomycin is cleared rapidly from plasma, does
not enter the brain, is not appreciably metabolized or
protein bound, and is gradually excreted in both bile
and urine.Virtually no drug is detected in CSF.
臨床応用
Dactinomycin is used in curative combined treatment
of Wilms’ tumor, Ewing’s sarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma,
and gestational choriocarcinoma. It is active in
testicular tumors, lymphomas, melanomas, and sarcomas,
although its use in most of these malignancies has
been supplanted by other agents.
副作用
The major side effects of dactinomycin are severe
nausea, vomiting, and myelosuppression. Mucositis, diarrhea,
alopecia, and radiation recall reactions may occur.
The drug is immunosuppressive and carcinogenic.
職業ばく露
An antibiotic product from streptomyces, used as anticancer and veterinary drug
輸送方法
UN2811 Toxic solids, organic, n.o.s., Hazard Class: 6.1; Labels: 6.1-Poisonous materials, Technical Name Required.
純化方法
It crystallises as bright red rhombic crystals from absolute EtOH or from MeOH/EtOH (1:3). It will also crystallise from EtOAc/cyclohexane (m 246-247o dec), CHCl3/pet ether ( m 245-246o dec), and EtOAc/MeOH/*C6H6 (m 241-243o dec). Its solubility in MeCN is 1mg/mL. [] D varies from -296o to -327o (c 0.2, MeOH). max (MeOH) 445, 240nm (log 4.43, 4.49), max (MeOH, 10N HCl, 1:1) 477nm (log 4.21) and max (MeOH, 0.1N NaOH) 458, 344, 285 (log 3.05, 4.28, 4.13). It is HIGHLY TOXIC, light sensitive and anti-neoplastic. [Bullock & Johnson, J Chem Soc 3280 1957, Beilstein 27 III/IV 9642.]
不和合性
Incompatible with oxidizers (chlorates, nitrates, peroxides, permanganates, perchlorates, chlorine, bromine, fluorine, etc.); contact may cause fires or explosions. Keep away from alkaline materials, strong bases, strong acids, oxoacids, epoxides.
アクチノマイシンD 上流と下流の製品情報
原材料
準備製品