| Identification | Back Directory | [Name]
GRAMICIDIN A | [CAS]
11029-61-1 | [Synonyms]
GA
GLS2
GRIMICIDIN A
GRAMICIDIN A
GRAMICIDIN A USP/EP/BP
Alphafoetoprotein, Human
Gramicidin A, High Purity,
GRAMICIDIN A, BACILLUS BREVIS
GRAMICIDIN A FROM BACILLUS BREVIS
gramicidinafrombacillusbrevis95+%
GrimicidinA(HighPurity),Bacillusbrevis
Glutaminase liver isoform, mitochondrial
ANTI-GLS2 (C-TERM E513) antibody produced in rabbit
Gramicidin A, High Purity, Bacillus brevis - CAS 11029-61-1 - Calbiochem
HCO-VAL-GLY-ALA-D-LEU-ALA-D-VAL-VAL-D-VAL-TRP-D-LEU-TRP-D-LEU-TRP-D-LEU-NHCH2CH2OH
HCO-VAL-GLY-ALA-D-LEU-ALA-D-VAL-VAL-D-VAL-TRP-D-LEU-TRP-D-LEU-TRP-D-LEU-TRP-NHCH2CH2OH
OHC-NH-VAL-GLY-ALA-D-LEU-ALA-D-VAL-VAL-D-VAL-TRP-D-LEU-TRP-D-LEU-TRP-D-LEU-TRP-CONCH2CH2OH
HCO-X-GLY-L-ALA-D-LEU-L-ALA-D-VAL-L-VAL-D-VAL-L-TRP-D-LEU-L-TRP-D-LEU-L-TRP-D-LEU-L-TRP-NHCH2CH2OH
OHC-NH-VAL-GLY-ALA-D-LEU-ALA-D-VAL-VAL-D-VAL-TRP-D-LEU-TRP-D-LEU-TRP-D-LEU-TRP-D-LEU-TRP-CONHCH2CH2OH | [EINECS(EC#)]
234-259-8 | [Molecular Formula]
C99H140N20O17 | [MDL Number]
MFCD00466944 | [MOL File]
11029-61-1.mol | [Molecular Weight]
1882.29 |
| Chemical Properties | Back Directory | [storage temp. ]
2-8°C | [solubility ]
ethanol: soluble | [form ]
White to off-white solid | [color ]
colorless or white | [BRN ]
6461131 | [Sequence]
{For}-Val-Gly-Ala-{D-Leu}-Ala-{D-Val}-Val-{D-Val}-Trp-{D-Leu}-Trp-{D-Leu}-Trp-{D-Leu}-Trp-{NHCH2CH2OH} | [InChIKey]
ZWCXYZRRTRDGQE-LUPIJMBPSA-N |
| Safety Data | Back Directory | [Hazard Codes ]
Xn | [Risk Statements ]
22 | [WGK Germany ]
3 | [RTECS ]
MD8230000 | [Storage Class]
11 - Combustible Solids | [Hazard Classifications]
Acute Tox. 4 Oral | [Toxicity]
mouse,LD50,intraperitoneal,60mg/kg (60mg/kg),"CRC Handbook of Antibiotic Compounds," Vols.1- , Berdy, J., Boca Raton, FL, CRC Press, 1980Vol. 4(1), Pg. 240, 1980. |
| Hazard Information | Back Directory | [Uses]
Gramicidin A is an effective antibiotic against Gram positive organisms. | [Biological Activity]
Cell permeable: no''Primary Target
Causes the formation of a monovalent cation-selective ion channel''Product does not compete with ATP.''Reversible: no | [in vivo]
Gramicidin A (0.11 mg/kg; intratumoral injection; twice weekly for 14 days) inhibits the growth of RCC tumor xenografts[2].
Gramicidin A (0.22 mg/kg; intratumoral injection; thrice weekly for 26 days) inhibits the growth and angiogenesis of VHL-expressing RCC tumor xenografts[3]. | Animal Model: | Female hairless Nu/J mice, 6- to 8-week old, injected subcutaneously with a suspension of SN12C cells (1.0 × 106) in a 50% growth factor–reduced Matrigel solution[2] | | Dosage: | 0.11 mg/kg body weight | | Administration: | Intratumoral injection, twice weekly for 14 days | | Result: | The average tumor mass was reduced by approximately 40% without significant toxicity. |
| Animal Model: | Female hairless 6- to 8-week-old Nu/J mice, injected subcutaneously with a suspension of Caki-1-td-Tomato cells (1.5 × 106) in a 50% growth factor-reduced Matrigel solution[3]. | | Dosage: | 0.22 mg/kg | | Administration: | Intratumoral injection, thrice weekly for 26 days | | Result: | Inhibited tumor growth. HIF-2α and GAPDH protein expression was substantially reduced. |
| [Purification Methods]
Purify gramicidin A by countercurrent distribution from *C6H6/CHCl3, MeOH/H2O (15:15:23:7) with 5000 tubes. Fractions are examined by UV (280nm) of small aliquots. Separation from gramicidin C and other material occurred after 999 transfers. [Gross & Witkop Biochemistry 4 2495 1965, Bauer et al. Biochemistry 11 3266 1972.] Purify it finally by recrystallisation from EtOH/H2O and dry it at 100o/10-2mm over KOH. It forms platelets m 229-230o. It is almost insoluble in H2O (0.6%) but soluble in lower alcohols, dry Me2CO, dioxane, acetic acid and pyridine. The commercial material is more difficult to crystallise than the synthetic compound. [Sarges & Witkop J Am Chem Soc 86 1861 1964, 87 2011, 2020 1965.] It has characteristic [] D20 +27.3o (c 1.3, MeOH) and UV max at 282nm ( 22,100). The N-carbamoyldeformyl gramicidine A precipitates from EtOAc/pet ether (b 40-60o). [Beilstein 26 III/IV 4273.] |
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