| Identification | Back Directory | [Name]
SERUM THYMIC FACTOR | [CAS]
63958-90-7 | [Synonyms]
STF
Nonathymulin
THYMIC FACTOR
ThymulinAcetate
Thymalin/Thymulin
Thymulin(Thymalin)
THYMIC FACTOR SERUM
SERUM THYMIC FACTOR
Thymic serum factor
Thymic serum factor (pig)
Thymulin(Thymalin) acetate
Serum thymic factor (porcine)
SERUM THYMIC FACTOR USP/EP/BP
STF, SeruM ThyMic Factor, ThyMulin
PYR-ALA-LYS-SER-GLN-GLY-GLY-SER-ASN
GLP-ALA-LYS-SER-GLN-GLY-GLY-SER-ASN
pGlu-Ala-Lys-Ser-Gln-Gly-Gly-Ser-Asn
PYR-ALA-LYS-SER-GLN-GLY-GLY-SER-ASN-OH
pGlu-Ala-Lys-Ser-Gln-Gly-Gly-Ser-Asn-OH
FTS, pGlu-Ala-Lys-Ser-Gln-Gly-Gly-Ser-Asn
5-Oxo-L-Pro-L-Ala-L-Lys-L-Ser-L-Gln-Gly-Gly-L-Ser-L-Asn-OH
Pyr-Ala-Lys-Ser-Gln-Gly-Gly-Ser-Asn-OH trifluoroacetate salt
L-Asparagine,5-oxo-L-prolyl-L-alanyl-L-lysyl-L-seryl-L-glutaminylglycylglycyl-L-seryl- | [EINECS(EC#)]
236-855-3 | [Molecular Formula]
C33H54N12O15 | [MDL Number]
MFCD00076882 | [MOL File]
63958-90-7.mol | [Molecular Weight]
858.85 |
| Chemical Properties | Back Directory | [Boiling point ]
1658.9±65.0 °C(Predicted) | [density ]
1.417±0.06 g/cm3(Predicted) | [storage temp. ]
−20°C
| [solubility ]
deionized water: soluble | [form ]
Lyophilized powder | [pka]
3.08±0.10(Predicted) | [color ]
white | [Sequence]
Pyr-Ala-Lys-Ser-Gln-Gly-Gly-Ser-Asn-OH | [InChIKey]
LIFNDDBLJFPEAN-BPSSIEEOSA-N | [SMILES]
C(O)(=O)[C@H](CC(N)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)CNC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@H](CCC(N)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCCN)NC(=O)[C@H](C)NC(=O)[C@@H]1CCC(=O)N1 |
| Hazard Information | Back Directory | [Description]
Nonathymulin, also known as Serum Thymic Factor, is a synthetic thymic peptide hormone. It is a thymus-dependent nonapeptide found in normal blood. Stimulates the formation of E rosettes and is believed to be involved in T-cell differentiation. It also acts as an effector on proinflammatory mediators/cytokines.
| [Chemical Properties]
This product can regulate cellular immune function and has anti-aging and antiviral effects. It is relatively heat-stable, with biological activity remaining unchanged at 80°C. However, its biological activity disappears after hydrolysis into amino acids. Raw material processing: Calf thymus is used as the raw material. Non-thymic tissues such as fat and fascia are removed. After refrigeration at -20°C, the product is rinsed with sterile distilled water and minced in a sterile meat grinder. The minced thymus is mixed with cold water for injection (in my country, hypotonic water extraction and cold thawing fully dissolve the active peptides in water, increasing yield. International reports suggest that extraction with normal saline can also be used) in a 1:1 ratio by weight. The mixture is then placed in a high-speed tissue grinder at 10,000 rpm and minced for 1 minute to form a homogenate. Calf thymus [minced] → minced thymus [cold water for injection] → [10,000 rpm, 1 minute] thymus homogenate. Partial heat denaturation, centrifugation, and filtration are performed. The thymus homogenate is then macerated and extracted below 10°C and then frozen at -20°C for 48 hours. After thawing, stir and heat to 80°C in a water bath, hold for 5 minutes, rapidly cool, and refrigerate at -20°C for 2-3 days. After thawing, centrifuge at 5000 rpm for 40 minutes at 2°C. The supernatant is filtered under reduced pressure (through filter paper or a 0.22 μm microporous membrane) to obtain a clarified extract of the active polypeptide. Thymus homogenate [extraction below 10°C] → [-20°C, 48 hours] Refrigeration [80°C, 5 minutes] → [centrifugation at 5000 rpm, 40 minutes] Active polypeptide extract. Ultrafiltration, purification, aliquoting, and freeze-drying: The clarified extract of the active polypeptide is ultrafiltered using an ultrafiltration membrane (capable of retaining molecules with a molecular weight of less than 10,000) to obtain a purified solution, which is refrigerated at -20°C. After passing inspection, 3% mannitol (excipient) is added, sterile filtered, aliquoted, and freeze-dried to obtain thymosin for injection. Active polypeptide extract [ultrafiltration membrane] → [Mr<10000] refined solution [freeze-dried] → [3% mannitol] Thymosin for injection (Note: The entire operation process and equipment should be carried out in accordance with the regulations of aseptic operation method.) | [Uses]
As a synthetic nonapeptide hormone, nonathymulin exhibits anti-apoptotic, anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory activities. In vivo, FTS increases activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and decreases activation of ERK, inhibiting cephaloridine-induced kidney damage and dysfunction. | [Biological Activity]
Thymulin (Nonathymulin) has immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects. Thymulin treatment significantly reduced CFA-induced thermal hyperalgesia and paw edema. In addition, molecular studies showed that it also reduced CFA-induced microglial activation, phosphorylation of p38 MAPK, and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6) in the spinal cord. This effect may be mediated by inhibiting the production of inflammatory mediators in spinal microglia and the central nervous system, which seems to be related to the ability of thymulin to reduce p38 MAPK phosphorylation[1]. | [Mechanism of action]
The thymus produces a nonapeptide capable of inducing T cell surface markers and T cell functions in immature lymphoid cells. This peptide is found partly bound to a carrier protein in the circulation from where it has been isolated (hence its name of serum thymic factor (nonathymulin, FTS)). Immunofluorescence studies using an antibody raised against synthetic FTS has shown that it is produced by the thymic epithelium. Its mode of action at the cellular level involves the binding to specific high affinity receptors. | [References]
[1] BEHZAD NASSERI . Thymulin treatment attenuates inflammatory pain by modulating spinal cellular and molecular signaling pathways[J]. International immunopharmacology, 2019, 70: Pages 225-234. DOI:10.1016/j.intimp.2019.02.042. |
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