ELEUTHEROSIDE B

Description

Syringin is a phenylpropanoid glycoside first isolated from A. senticosus that enhances acetylcholine release in pancreatic cells leading to an increase in insulin release through the muscarinic M₃ receptor. Syringin dose-dependently (50, 75, and 100 μg/kg, i.v.) decreases plasma glucose levels and increases insulin-like immunoreactivity and C-peptide in rats, and these effects last at least 60 minutes. In a rat model of type 1 diabetes, it decreases plasma glucose and increases β-endorphin release from the adrenal medulla. Syringin increases autophagy through AMP-activated protein kinase α (AMPKα) activation concomitant with preventing the progression of cardiac hypertrophy in mice following aortic banding. It also has immunomodulatory effects, likely due to its metabolite sinapyl alcohol.

Chemical Properties

Off-White Solid

Uses

Syringin is a chemical that is found naturally in various plants such as Araliaceae, a adaptogenic agent with Syringin as the active componet. Syringin have exhibited the ability to enhance glucose utilization and the lowering of plasma glucose level in rats suffering from insulin deficiency, suggesting that this chemical may be useful in the treatment of human diabetes.

Definition

ChEBI: Syringin is a monosaccharide derivative that is trans-sinapyl alcohol attached to a beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position 1 via a glycosidic linkage. It has a role as a hepatoprotective agent and a plant metabolite. It is a beta-D-glucoside, a monosaccharide derivative, a primary alcohol and a dimethoxybenzene. It is functionally related to a trans-sinapyl alcohol.

in vivo

References

[1] SANJAY SHARMA. Review on Chemistry, Analysis and Pharmacology of Teneligliptin: A Novel DPP-4 Inhibitor.[J]. Mini reviews in medicinal chemistry, 2020, 20 12: 1091-1100. DOI: 10.2174/1389557520666200228144148
[2] KO YU LIU . Release of acetylcholine by syringin, an active principle of Eleutherococcus senticosus, to raise insulin secretion in Wistar rats[J]. Neuroscience Letters, 2008, 434 2: Pages 195-199. DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2008.01.054
[3] H-S NIU. Increase of beta-endorphin secretion by syringin, an active principle of Eleutherococcus senticosus, to produce antihyperglycemic action in type 1-like diabetic rats.[J]. Hormone and Metabolic Research, 2007, 39 12: 894-898. DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-993154
[4] FANGFANG LI. Syringin prevents cardiac hypertrophy induced by pressure overload through the attenuation of autophagy.[J]. International journal of molecular medicine, 2016, 39 1 1: 199-207. DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2016.2824
[5] JONGWON CHOI. Anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive effects of sinapyl alcohol and its glucoside syringin.[J]. Planta medica, 2004, 70 11: 1027-1032. DOI: 10.1055/s-2004-832642