Ginsenoside Rg2

Description

Ginsenosides are pharmacologically active natural compounds from ginseng and other plants of the genus Panax. Structurally, they are steroid glycosides derived from the triterpene squalene. Ginsenoside Rg₂ is a protopanaxatriol that is more abundant in some Panax species (e.g., white and red P. ginseng) than others. This ginsenoside and its metabolites have diverse in vitro and in vivo effects, including neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, and anti-diabetic actions. It also protects against DNA damage and apoptosis induced by ultraviolet light. Notably, this ginsenoside is increased by the metabolism of other bioactive ginsenosides during the steaming or heating of plant materials, particularly in P. quinquefolium.

Chemical Properties

White solid

Uses

20(S)-Ginsenoside Rg2 is used as an aldose reductase inhibitor and my exert anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activity. It exists as a bioactive metabolite of the ginsenoside component of Panax ginseng.

Definition

ChEBI: Ginsenoside Rg2 is a ginsenoside found in Panax species that is dammarane which is substituted by hydroxy groups at the 3beta, 6alpha, 12beta and 20 pro-S positions, in which the hydroxy group at position 6 has been converted to the corresponding alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1->2)-beta-D-glucopyranoside, and in which a double bond has been introduced at the 24-25 position. It has a role as a plant metabolite, a cardioprotective agent and an anticoagulant. It is a beta-D-glucoside, a 12beta-hydroxy steroid, a 3beta-hydroxy steroid, a ginsenoside, a tetracyclic triterpenoid, a disaccharide derivative, a 20-hydroxy steroid and a 3beta-hydroxy-4,4-dimethylsteroid. It derives from a hydride of a dammarane.

in vivo

IC 50

NF-κB; Aβ_1-42

References

[1] GUIZHI ZHANG . Panax ginseng ginsenoside-Rg2 protects memory impairment via anti-apoptosis in a rat model with vascular dementia[J]. Journal of ethnopharmacology, 2008, 115 3: Pages 441-448. DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2007.10.026
[2] YOUNG-SUK CHO. Ginsenoside rg2 inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced adhesion molecule expression in human umbilical vein endothelial cell.[J]. Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology, 2013, 17 2: 133-137. DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2013.17.2.133
[3] HAI-DAN YUAN. Ginsenoside Rg2 induces orphan nuclear receptor SHP gene expression and inactivates GSK3β via AMP-activated protein kinase to inhibit hepatic glucose production in HepG2 cells[J]. Chemico-Biological Interactions, 2012, 195 1: Pages 35-42. DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2011.10.006
[4] SE EUN HA. Effects of ginsenoside Rg2 on the ultraviolet B-induced DNA damage responses in HaCaT cells.[J]. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg’s archives of pharmacology, 2010, 382 1: 89-101. DOI: 10.1007/s00210-010-0522-9
[5] IL-WOUNG KIM. A new validated analytical method for the quality control of red ginseng products.[J]. Journal of Ginseng Research, 2013, 37 4: 475-482. DOI: 10.5142/jgr.2013.37.475