Proglumide

Description

Proglumide (Milid) is a drug that inhibits gastrointestinal motility and reduces gastric secretions. It acts as a cholecystokinin antagonist, which blocks both the CCKA and CCKB subtypes. It was used mainly in the treatment of stomach ulcers, although it has now been largely replaced by newer drugs for this application.
Proglumide is a nonpeptide and orally active cholecystokinin (CCK)-A/B receptors antagonist. Proglumide selective blocks CCK’s effects in the central nervous system (CNS). Proglumide has ability to inhibit gastric secretion and to protect the gastroduodenal mucosa. Proglumide also has antiepileptic and antioxidant activities.

Chemical Properties

White Solid

Uses

Anticholinergic.

Definition

ChEBI: Proglumide is a racemate composed of equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-proglumide. A non-selective CCK antagonist that was used primarily for treatment of stomach ulcers, but has been replaced by newer drugs. It has a role as a drug metabolite, a xenobiotic metabolite, a cholinergic antagonist, an anti-ulcer drug, a cholecystokinin antagonist, a gastrointestinal drug, a delta-opioid receptor agonist and an opioid analgesic. It contains a (R)-proglumide and a (S)-proglumide.

brand name

Nulsa (Wallace).

Side effects

An interesting side effect of proglumide is that it enhances the analgesia produced by opioid drugs, and can prevent or even reverse the development of tolerance to opioid drugs. This can make it a useful adjuvant treatment to use alongside opioid drugs in the treatment of chronic pain conditions such as cancer, where opioid analgesics may be required for long periods and development of tolerance reduces clinical efficacy of these drugs.
Proglumide has also been shown to act as a δ-opioid agonist, which may contribute to its analgesic effects.

Safety Profile

Moderately toxic by severalroutes. An experimental teratogen. When heated todecomposition it emits toxic fumes of NOx.

Synthesis

1) Preparation of glutamic acid N-benzoate

In 1000 mL three-necked flask add sodium glutamate 50 g, water 400 mL and appropriate amount of NaOH. stirring to dissolve, adjust pH 7 ~ 8, at 2 below the same time dropwise addition of benzoyl chloride 37.2 mL and 40% NaOH, control the reaction temperature below 5 , pH 8 plus graduate. Reacted at below 5 for 1 h, adjusted pH 1.5 with 30% HCI, cooled, crystallized, filtered, dried, obtained N-benzoylglutamic acid crude 71.8 g, mp 134~140 .

2) Preparation of propylglutamine

Take N-benzoylglutamic acid crude 60 g (10.24 mot), acetic anhydride 30 g (0.22 mo1). Toluene 75 mL, add to 500 mL three-necked bottle, 85 reaction for 30 min, atmospheric pressure evaporation until no liquid drops (toluene recycling set), add ice water 300 mL. dipropylamine 80 mL to be dissolved. At 0 reaction l h, add acetic acid pH 4.5, stirring, crystallization, over the guess. Filter cake without drying directly add the appropriate amount. Distilled water, sodium carbonate and activated carbon at 80 decolorization 30Min, while hot filter, filtrate adjust pH 4.5, cooling, crystallization, filtration, drying to get boutique 39 g, mp l48 ~ 151 , total yield 53.79%.

Enzyme inhibitor

This anticholinergic agent (FWfree-acid = 334.42 g/mol; CAS 6620-60-6), also known as DL-4-benzamido-N,N-dipropylglutaramic acid and 4- (benzoylamino)-5-(dipropylamino)-5-oxopentanoic acid, is a cholecystokinin receptor antagonist. Proglumide A also exerts an inhibitory effect on gastric secretion and reduces gastrointestinal motility. It finds use clinically as a therapy for gastrointestinal ulcers. Target(s): cholecystokinin receptor; gastrin receptor.