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Ammonium formate

Ammonium formate Structure
Ammonium formate structure
CAS No.
540-69-2
Chemical Name:
Ammonium formate
Synonyms
HCOONH4;AMMONIUM FORMAT;AMMONIUM FORMIATE;Ammomium formate;HCOONH4 CH5NO2;mravencanamonny;97.0%， for HPLC;Formiate ammonia;AMMONIUM FORMATE;ammmonium formate
CBNumber:
CB3140017
Molecular Formula:
CH5NO2
Molecular Weight:
63.06
MDL Number:
MFCD00013103
MOL File:
540-69-2.mol
MSDS File:
SDS
TDS File:
TDS
Last updated:2026-07-25 07:39:42
Product description Number Pack Size Price
Ammonium formate solution BioUltra, 10?M in H2O 78314 100mL $123
Ammonium formate solution BioUltra, 10?M in H2O 78314 500mL $427
Ammonium formate eluent additive for LC-MS, LiChropur?, ≥99.0% 70221 25g $188
Ammonium formate eluent additive for LC-MS, LiChropur?, ≥99.0% 70221 100g $683
Ammonium formate ≥99.995% trace metals basis 516961 500 g $169
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Ammonium formate Properties

Melting point 119-121 °C (lit.)
Boiling point 103.28°C (rough estimate)
Density 1.26 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
vapor pressure 0.033Pa at 25℃
refractive index 1.4164 (estimate)
Flash point 104℃
storage temp. Inert atmosphere,Room Temperature
solubility H2O: 10 M at 20 °C, clear, colorless
form Solid
color White
Odor Slight formic acid odour
PH Range 6 - 7
PH 6.53(1 mM solution);6.5(10 mM solution);6.49(100 mM solution);6.45(1000 mM solution)
Water Solubility soluble
Sensitive Hygroscopic
λmax λ: 260 nm Amax: 0.05
λ: 280 nm Amax: 0.04
Merck 14,523
BRN 3625095
Stability Stable. Hygroscopic. Incompatible with strong acids, strong oxidizing agents.
InChI 1S/CH2O2.H3N/c2-1-3;/h1H,(H,2,3);1H3
InChIKey VZTDIZULWFCMLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N
SMILES N.OC=O
LogP -3.34 at 25℃
FDA 21 CFR 573.170
CAS DataBase Reference 540-69-2(CAS DataBase Reference)
EWG's Food Scores 1
FDA UNII 3801F9644E
EPA Substance Registry System Ammonium formate (540-69-2)
UNSPSC Code 12352300
NACRES NB.21

SAFETY

Risk and Safety Statements

Symbol(GHS)  Exclamation Mark (GHS07)
GHS07
Signal word  Warning
Hazard statements  H319
Precautionary statements  P264-P280-P305+P351+P338-P337+P313
PPE dust mask type N95 (US), Eyeshields, Gloves
Hazard Codes  Xi
Risk Statements  36/37/38
Safety Statements  26-36-37/39
WGK Germany  2
RTECS  BQ6650000
F  3-10
TSCA  TSCA listed
HS Code  29151200
Storage Class 11 - Combustible Solids
Hazard Classifications Eye Irrit. 2
Hazardous Substances Data 540-69-2(Hazardous Substances Data)
Toxicity LD50 orl-mus: 2250 mg/kg ZERNAL 9,332,69
REACH Registrations Active
NFPA 704
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Ammonium formate price More Price(104)

Manufacturer Product number Product description CAS number Packaging Price Updated Buy
Sigma-Aldrich 78314 Ammonium formate solution BioUltra, 10?M in H2O 540-69-2 100mL $123 2026-04-30 Buy
Sigma-Aldrich 78314 Ammonium formate solution BioUltra, 10?M in H2O 540-69-2 500mL $427 2026-04-30 Buy
Sigma-Aldrich 70221 Ammonium formate eluent additive for LC-MS, LiChropur?, ≥99.0% 540-69-2 25g $188 2026-04-30 Buy
Sigma-Aldrich 70221 Ammonium formate eluent additive for LC-MS, LiChropur?, ≥99.0% 540-69-2 100g $683 2026-04-30 Buy
Sigma-Aldrich 516961 Ammonium formate ≥99.995% trace metals basis 540-69-2 500 g $169 2026-04-30 Buy
Product number Packaging Price Buy
78314 100mL $123 Buy
78314 500mL $427 Buy
70221 25g $188 Buy
70221 100g $683 Buy
516961 500 g $169 Buy

Ammonium formate Chemical Properties,Uses,Production

Chemical Properties

Ammonium formate, NH4HCO2, is the ammonium salt of formic acid. It is a colorless, hygroscopic, crystalline solid. It can be synthesized through treating ammonium carbonate with 85% formic acid. It is widely used in many organic reactions such as Leuckart reaction which is the reductive amination of aldehydes and ketones. It can also be used as a buffer in HPLC and LC/MS test. Moreover, it is also used in palladium on carbon (Pd/C) reduction of functional group. It can also be used for the preparation of formic acid in situ as well as being used to store formic acid.
Common HPLC Buffers: Ammonium formate (2.7<PH<3.7)
Common HPLC Buffers: Ammonium formate (2.7<PH<3.7) does a fairly good job of filling the gap at the low-pH end.

Physical properties

White monoclinic deliquescent crystals or granules; density 1.280 g/cm3; melts at 116°C; highly soluble in water (102 g/100 g at 0°C), solubility rapidly increasing with temperature (i.e., 531 g/100 g at 80°C); soluble in liquid ammonia, alcohol and ether.

Uses

Ammonium formate is widely used in various organic reactions like Leuckart reaction which involves the reductive amination of aldehydes and ketones. It serves as a buffer in high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC/MS). It finds application in palladium on carbon (Pd/C) reduction of functional groups. For example, reduction of alkenes to alkanes and formaldehyde to methanol. It is also used to prepare formic acid insitu as well as used to store formic acid by making it as an ammonium salt.

Uses

Pure ammonium formate decomposes into formamide and water when heated, and this is its primary use in industry. Formic acid can also be obtained by reacting ammonium formate with a dilute acid, and since ammonium formate is also produced from formic acid, it can serve as a way of storing formic acid.
In chemical analysis, especially to ppt base metals from salts of the "noble" metals. Ammonium formate can also be used in palladium on carbon (Pd / C) reduction of functional groups. In the presence of Pd / C, ammonium formate decomposes to hydrogen, carbon dioxide, and ammonia.
Ammonium formate can be used for reductive amination of aldehydes and ketones (Leuckart reaction)
Ammonium formate can be used as a buffer in high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and is suitable for use with liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS). .

Definition

ChEBI: Ammonium formate is the ammonium salt of formic acid. It has a role as a buffer. It is functionally related to a formic acid.

Reactions

When heated, ammonium formate eliminates water, forming formamide. Upon further heating it forms to HCN and H2O. A side reaction of this is the decomposition of formamide to CO and NH3.

Air & Water Reactions

Ammonium formate is generally soluble in water. 

Reactivity Profile

Salts, basic, such as Ammonium formate, are generally soluble in water. The resulting solutions contain moderate concentrations of hydroxide ions and have pH's greater than 7.0. They react as bases to neutralize acids. These neutralizations generate heat, but less or far less than is generated by neutralization of the bases in reactivity group 10 (Bases) and the neutralization of amines. They usually do not react as either oxidizing agents or reducing agents but such behavior is not impossible.

Health Hazard

Inhalation causes irritation of nose and throat. Ingestion irritates mouth and stomach. Contact with eyes or skin causes irritation.

Fire Hazard

Special Hazards of Combustion Products: Toxic and irritating ammonia and formic acid gases may form in fire.

Safety Profile

Moderately toxic by ingestion andintravenous routes. When heated to decomposition itemits toxic fumes of NOx and NH3.

Synthesis

Ammonium formate was synthesised by the oxidative degradation of various carbohydrates in the presence of hydrogen peroxide and ammonium hydroxide. The specific reaction conditions are as follows: aldoses/ketoses/disaccharides/trisaccharides (5 mg), 30% H₂O₂ (150 μL), 25% NH₄OH (30 μL), reacted at room temperature for 1 hour. For common aldoses such as glucose, the conversion rate to ammonium formate can reach 99%. With the exception of non-reducing sugars, the majority of carbohydrates studied can be efficiently converted to ammonium formate in aqueous solution under mild and environmentally friendly conditions[1].
Oxidative degradation of carbohydrates to ammonium formate

Purification Methods

Heat the solid in NH3 vapour and dry it in a vacuum till the NH3 odour is faint (note that it can evaporate completely in a vacuum). Recrystallise it from absolute EtOH and then keep it in a desiccator over 99% H2SO4 in vacuo. It is very hygroscopic. It exists in two forms, stable needles and less stable plates. It also forms acid salts, i.e. HCO2NH4.3HCO2H and HCO2NH4.HCO2H. [Kensall & Adler J Am Chem Soc 43 1473 1921, Beilstein 2 IV 18.]

References

[1] Prasanna Pullanikat. (2010). Oxidative degradation of reducing carbohydrates to ammonium formate with H2O2 and NH4OH. Tetrahedron Letters, 51 47, Pages 6192-6194. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tetlet.2010.09.092

References

[1] http://www.orgsyn.org/demo.aspx?prep=CV2P0503
[2] https://www.alfa.com/zh-cn/catalog/014517/
[3] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ammonium_formate
[4] GAO X, MA Y, ZHOU F, et al. Promotion Mechanism of Ammonium Formate in Ammonium Salt Leaching Process for Weathered Crust Elution-Deposited Rare Earth Ores[J]. Minerals, 2023, 1 1: 0. DOI:10.3390/min13101286.
[5] A. S. KORNILOV. Uranium Stripping with Ammonium Acetate and Formate[J]. Radiochemistry, 2024, 65 1 supplement: S172-S176. DOI:10.1134/S1066362223070159.
[6] ISHANI BORTHAKUR, SABUJ KUNDU* Reductive Aminomethylation Using Ammonium Formate and Methanol as N1 and C1 Source: Direct Synthesis of Mono- and Di-Methylated Amines[J]. ACS Catalysis , 2024, 14 8: 5847-5857. DOI:10.1021/acscatal.4c00346.

Ammonium formate synthesis

5436-21-5
60100-09-6
3438-46-8
67-56-1
540-69-2
Synthesis of Ammonium formate from Acetylacetaldehyde dimethyl acetal and formamide

Ammonium formate Preparation Products And Raw materials

Raw materials

4-Chlorobenzaldehyde Formic acid Ammonia

Preparation Products

3-Azetidinecarboxylic acid 4-(Trifluoromethyl)nicotinic acid (R)-(-)-2-AMINOHEPTANE 5-Fluoro-2-picolinic acid (1,3,5-TRIMETHYL-1H-PYRAZOL-4-YL)METHYLAMINE
1-N-Boc-3-hydroxyazetidine C-(1-METHYL-PIPERIDIN-2-YL)-METHYLAMINE 4-METHYL-1,3-OXAZOLE-5-CARBOXYLIC ACID 1,2,4-Triazole Citrazinic acid
4-METHYLOXAZOLE-5-CARBONYL CHLORIDE 3,4,5-Trimethoxybenzylamine 5-(AMINOMETHYL)-2,3-DIHYDROBENZO[B]FURAN 4-CHLORO-7-METHYLTHIENO[3,2-D]PYRIMIDINE Teicoplanin A2
3-Chlorobenzylamine DL-alpha-Methylbenzylamine 4-Aminotetrahydropyran 5-CHLORO-1H-INDAZOLE-3-CARBOXYLIC ACID 4-CHLORO-2-METHYLBENZYLAMINE
7-Methylthieno[3,2-d]pyrimidin-4(3H)-one (4S)-HYDROXY-3-METHYL-2-(2-PROPENYL)-2-CYCLOPENTENE-1-ONE 3-(4-Morpholinyl)aniline 5-amino-1H-Indole-2-carboxylic acid ethyl ester 5-Azaindole
(1H-INDAZOL-3-YL)-ACETIC ACID 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylamine hydrochloride 3-Amino-5-fluoropyridine DL-ALPHA-METHYLBENZYLAMINE Triadimefon
ETHYL 5-AMINO-1H-INDOLE-2-CARBOXYLATE 3,5-Bis(trifluoromethyl)benzylamine 3-Amino-4-methoxybenzoic acid 2,5-Dimethoxybenzylamine

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Ammonium formate Suppliers

Global( 637)Suppliers
Supplier Tel Email Country ProdList Advantage
Jiangsu Scyence Industrial Co.,Ltd 		18805130257 sales0257@jskolod.com China 67 58
Hefei TNJ Chemical Industry Co.,Ltd.
+86-0551-65418671 +86-189 4982 3763 sales@tnjchem.com China 34526 58
Jiangsu Kolod Food Ingredients Co.,Ltd.
+86-18652417778 sales3257@jskolod.com China 134 60
Lianyungang Kaiyu Environmental Tech Co., Ltd.
+86-0086-19851820538 18052309100 carlos@khonorchem.com China 314 58
.GZ HONESTCHEM CO.,LTD 		+86-15013270415 honestchemical@foxmail.com China 297 58
Hebei Chuanghai Biotechnology Co., Ltd 		+86-15350571055 Sibel@chuanghaibio.com China 8737 58
Shaanxi Dideu Medichem Co. Ltd 		+86-17392712779 1097@dideu.com China 3989 58
RongNa Biotechnology Co.,Ltd 		+86-86-13583358881 +8618560316533 Brad@rongnabiotech.com China 3371 58
Wuhan Fortuna Chemical Co., Ltd 		+86-27-59207850 info@fortunachem.com China 5998 58
Hebei Chuanghai Biotechnology Co,.LTD 		+86-86-13131129325 sales1@chuanghaibio.com China 5218 58
Supplier Advantage
Jiangsu Scyence Industrial Co.,Ltd 		58
Hefei TNJ Chemical Industry Co.,Ltd.
58
Jiangsu Kolod Food Ingredients Co.,Ltd.
60
Lianyungang Kaiyu Environmental Tech Co., Ltd.
58
.GZ HONESTCHEM CO.,LTD 		58
Hebei Chuanghai Biotechnology Co., Ltd 		58
Shaanxi Dideu Medichem Co. Ltd 		58
RongNa Biotechnology Co.,Ltd 		58
Wuhan Fortuna Chemical Co., Ltd 		58
Hebei Chuanghai Biotechnology Co,.LTD 		58

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View Lastest Price from Ammonium formate manufacturers

Image Update time Product Price Min. Order Purity Supply Ability Manufacturer
Ammonium formate pictures 2026-08-11 Ammonium formate
540-69-2
 $1.00 300g 99.8% 20 TONS .GZ HONESTCHEM CO.,LTD
Ammonium formate pictures 2026-08-11 Ammonium formate
540-69-2
 $1.00 1g 99% 1000kg RongNa Biotechnology Co.,Ltd
Ammonium formate pictures 2026-08-11 Ammonium formate
540-69-2
 25kg 98%min 20 TONS WUHAN FORTUNA CHEMICAL CO., LTD

Ammonium formate Spectrum

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