四酸化三鉛 化学特性,用途語,生産方法
外観
赤みの黄色～赤色, 粉末
溶解性
水, エタノール, エーテルに不溶。
解説
Pb3O4(685.60)．四酸化三鉛, 鉛丹，光明丹ともいう．また，実体はPbⅡ2PbⅣ O4であるので酸化鉛(Ⅳ)二鉛(Ⅱ)ともよばれる．鉛粉または粉状の酸化鉛(Ⅱ)を空気中で約450 ℃ に加熱すると得られる．赤色の無定形粉末．密度9.1 g cm－3．約550 ℃ に加熱すると分解し，酸素を放って酸化鉛(Ⅱ)となる．水に不溶であるが，硝酸を作用させると不溶性の二酸化鉛と硝酸鉛を生じる．赤色顔料，絵の具，ペイント，鉛ガラス，蓄電池の極板などに用いられる．有毒．森北出版「化学辞典（第2版）
用途
ガラス添加剤
用途
防錆塗料、鉛ガラス(管球用、光学用、クリスタル用他)、セラミック原料。
応用
鉛酸化物は様々な産業分野で活躍しています例えば
展望
鉛酸化物の利用における環境や健康への影響を軽減するために代替材料の開発やより安全な製造プロセスの研究が進められていますまた鉛酸バッテリーのリサイクル技術の向上により鉛の循環利用率を高めることで資源の有効活用と環境負荷の低減が期待されています
説明
Lead oxide, a range of products that is formed by the oxidation of Lead in the forms of liquid and solid. Lead oxides are basically an oxide’s family varying in color (grey/green, red, and yellow), in degree of oxidation (PbO, Pb3O4, PbO2) and in crystal structure (in forms of PbO, orthogonal and tetragonal).
Lead oxide is a term that can be either Lead monoxide or litharge Lead tetroxide or Red Lead or Gray or Black oxide which is a mixture of 30 percent metallic Lead and 70 percent Lead monoxide. Black Lead is made for specific use in Lead acid storage batteries manufacturing. Due to large use in the Lead acid battery industry, Lead monoxide is one of the most important compounds of Lead, based on volume. Due to its electrical and electronic properties, litharge is also used in various components for different types of use like capacitors, electro photographic plates, and Video tubes, even in ferromagnetic and ferroelectric materials. Their wide range of chemical and physical properties, Lead oxides have been know and used worldwide since before the ancient Romans.
化学的特性
red to orange powder
使用
Plasters and ointments; manufacture of colorless glass; glaze for faience; flux for porcelain painting, protective paint for iron and steel; oil-color for ship paints, varnishes; coloring rubber; cement for glass, gas and steam pipes; storage batteries; pencils for writing on glass; manufacture of lead peroxide, matches.
定義
Natural red oxide of lead.
調製方法
Lead(IV) oxide, Pb2O, is obtained by action of chlorine on alkaline solutions of lead(II) oxide or acetate. The reaction is Pb(OH)3
-+ ClO
- → PbO2 + Cl
- + OH
- + H2O·PbO2 can also be produced on a lead or platinum anode by electrolysis in acidic solution.
安全性
鉛酸化物は有用な物質である一方で鉛に含まれる毒性により人体や環境に対するリスクも伴います特に鉛は脳や神経系に損傷を与える可能性があり子供や妊娠中の女性に対しては特に危険ですそのため鉛酸化物を含む製品の製造使用廃棄の際には適切な予防措置が必要です
世界保健機関（WHO）
Lead oxides and other lead salts were formerly available in
topical preparations which had soothing astringent properties. The toxicity of lead
salts by inhalation, ingestion and percutaneous absorption is now conclusively
established and the medicinal use of preparations containing lead salts is no
longer permitted in many countries.
化学性质
耐熱性，耐薬品性ともあまり良好でなく，耐光性も光によりダークニングが起こる
工業用途
Lead oxide is used quite extensively in optical glass, electrical glass, and tableware. It increases the density and refractive index of glass. In addition, it can be cut more easily than other glasses and has superior brilliance, both of which make it good for cut glass.
Lead glasses may be formulated with a wide variety of electrical and acid-resisting characteristics; desirable properties, such as weather resistance, electrical resistivity, etc., will depend upon the total composition of the glass.
合成方法
硫酸鉛とクロム酸鉛（Ⅱ）を主成分とする顔料
参考文献
M.K. Fayek, J. Leciejewicz, Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem., 336, 104 (1965), DOI: 10.1002/zaac.19653360115.
四酸化三鉛 上流と下流の製品情報
原材料
準備製品