ラクツロース 化学特性,用途語,生産方法
外観
白色～ほとんど白色, 結晶～粉末又は塊
溶解性
水に溶け、エタノール及びアセトンにほとんど溶けない。
解説
ラクツロース,ガラクトースとフルクトースからなる2糖類．ラクツロース,白色の結晶．粉末で涼甘味を有する．融点169 ℃．[α]20D－51.4°(水)．乳糖が異性化したもので，加熱処理した乳製品中に見いだされる．ミルクオリゴ糖ともよばれる．ラクツロースは難消化性で胃や小腸で吸収されず，大腸にとどく．そこでビフィズス菌のえさになり，ビフィズス菌を増殖させる結果，腸内の悪玉菌や病原菌の増殖を抑え，整腸作用を発揮する．
森北出版「化学辞典（第2版）
効能
高アンモニア血症治療薬, 緩下剤
商品名
モニラック (中外製薬); モニラック (中外製薬); ラクツロース (興和)
化学的特性
White Powder
使用
Lactulose is is a synthetic, non-digestible sugar used in the treatment of chronic constipation; laxative.
定義
ChEBI: A synthetic galactosylfructose disaccharide used in the treatment of constipation and hepatic encephalopathy.
適応症
Osmotic laxatives (e.g., lactulose, sorbitol) are poorly
absorbed or nonabsorbable compounds that draw additional
fluid into the GI tract. Lumen osmolality increases,
and fluid movement occurs secondary to osmotic
pressure. Lactulose is a synthetic disaccharide
that is poorly absorbed from the GI tract, since no
mammalian enzyme is capable of hydrolyzing it to its
monosaccharide components. It therefore reaches the
colon unchanged and is metabolized by colonic bacteria
to lactic acid and to small quantities of formic and acetic
acids.
調製方法
Industrial production of lactulose relies on isomerization of lactose in alkaline media (pH 11) at 70–80 °C, with yields reaching 70–80% when complexing catalysts such as aluminates or borates are used; lactose for this process can be sourced from secondary dairy raw materials including cheese whey, curd whey, and ultrafiltration permeates of skim milk and whey[3]. Lactulose can be purified from commercial syrups by selective enzymatic hydrolysis of residual lactose and epilactose using four commercial β-galactosidase preparations combined with biological and physicochemical methods, yielding a product containing over 94% lactulose[3]. Lactulose can also be produced by isomerization of lactose in ultrafiltrated whey permeate, where optimization and electroactivation achieve a 37% conversion[3].
臨床応用
Lactulose is used in the
treatment of hepatic encephalopathy.
副作用
Since lactulose does contain galactose, it is contraindicated
in patients who require a galactose-free
diet. Metabolism of lactulose by intestinal bacteria may
result in increased formation of intraluminal gas and
abdominal distention.
概要
加熱乳中に存在
純化方法
Crystallise lactulose from MeOH or 50% MeOH. It mutarotates from [] D 20 -11.9o to –50.7o (c 1, H2O). [Montgomery & Hudson J Am Chem Soc 32 2101, 2104 1930, Beilstein 17 III/IV 3094, 17/7 V 214.] NMR in Me2SO at 24o shows 0% -pyranose, 27% -pyranose, 20% -furanose and 52% -furanose fforms [Angyal Adv Carbohydr Chem 42 15 1984].
ラクツロース 上流と下流の製品情報
原材料
準備製品