1-クロロブタン 化学特性,用途語,生産方法
外観
無色澄明の液体
溶解性
水に不溶, アルコール, エーテル等各種有機溶剤と混和。エタノール及びジエチルエーテルに極めて溶けやすく、水に溶けにくい。
用途
溶剤、有機合成原料。
用途
溶剤、フリーデルクラフト反応の際のアルキル化剤、防汚塗料、防カビ剤、有機金属化合物用中間体、医薬原料、ブチルセルロース原料、駆虫剤
用途
島津全自動タンパク質一次構造分析装置(PSQ-1, PSQ-2, PPSQ-10)用試薬。
使用上の注意
アルゴン封入
化学的特性
1-Chlorobutane is a highly flammable, clear, colorless liquid at standard temperature and pressure. The density is 0.886 g/cm3, which is lower than that of water. It does not react with water, is classified as highly flammable, but it is neither an oxidizer nor an explosive. However, vapors can form explosive mixtures with air. The substance self-ignites at 245℃.
使用
1-Chlorobutane is used as an intermediate for the production of other chemicals in the chemical industry.
1-chlorobutane is a common extraction solvent in the forensic toxicology arena. A benefit of 1-chlorobutane is that it is less dense than water and therefore settles above the aqueous layer.
As butylating agent in organic synthesis, e.g., in the manufacture of butyl cellulose.
1-chlorobutane will be halogenated to produce dichlorobutane using sulfuryl chloride via a free-radical chain reaction mechanism.
製造方法
1-Chlorobutane is obtained by esterification of n-butanol with hydrogen chloride or hydrochloric acid at 100℃ either without a catalyst or utilizing the accelerating effect of zinc chloride, tripentylamine hydrochloride, or phosphorus pentachloride. n-Butyl chloride is also obtained, along with 2-chlorobutane, by the chlorination of butane over aluminum oxide at 200℃.
一般的な説明
A water white liquid with a sharp odor. Flash point 20°F. Boiling point 77-78°C (173°F). Density 7.5 lb / gal. Slightly soluble in water. Vapors are heavier than air. Used in the manufacture of a variety of organic chemicals.
空気と水の反応
Highly flammable. May react with atmospheric moisture over prolonged periods of exposure. Slightly soluble in water.
反応プロフィール
1-Chlorobutane is incompatible with oxidizing agents and strong bases. Reacts with aluminum powder, liquid oxygen, potassium and sodium . Emits phosgene gas when heated to decomposition,. Reacts with aluminum and magnesium. May be sensitive to heat.
危険性
Toxic on prolonged inhalation. Flammable,
dangerous fire risk.
健康ハザード
1-Chlorobutane has a low acute toxicity by oral exposure. mildly irritating to the skin and eyes, liquid may cause rash due to removal of skin oils. Ingestion or skin absorbtion may cause intestinal upset, cramping, and central nervous system depression. 1- Chlorobutane is also not considered mutagenic, carcinogenic or toxic to reproduction.
火災危険
Special Hazards of Combustion Products: May produce phosgene gas in fire
安全性プロファイル
Moderately toxic by
ingestion. Mutation data reported. See
CHLORINATED HYDROCARBONS,
ALIPHATIC. Skin and eye irritant.
Dangerous fire hazard when exposed to heat
or flame. Moderately explosive when exposed to flame. When heated to
decomposition it emits hghly toxic fumes of
phosgene and Cl-. To fight fire, use foam,
COa, dry chemical. Incompatible with
oxidizing materials
職業ばく露
Butyl chloride is used as a solvent; as
a medicine to control worms, and to make other chemicals
輸送方法
UN1127 Chlorobutanes require, Hazard Class: 3;
Labels: 3—Flammable liquid
純化方法
Shake repeatedly with concentrated H2SO4 (until no more color develops in acid), then wash with water, aqueous NaHCO3 or Na2CO3, and more water. Dry with CaCl2 or MgSO4 (then with P2O5, if necessary), decant and fractionate. Alternatively, continue to pass oxygen for about three times until the outlet gas first develops color on starch iodide paper. After washing with NaHCO3 solution to hydrolyze the ozonide and remove the organic acid produced, the 1-chlorobutane liquid is dried and distilled [Chien & Willard J Am Chem Soc 75 6160 1953]. [Beilstein 1 IV 246. ]
不和合性
Vapor may form explosive mixture with
air. May accumulate static electrical charges, and may
cause ignition of its vapors. Water contact slowly forms
hydrochloric acid. Incompatible with oxidizers (chlorates,
nitrates, peroxides, permanganates, perchlorates, chlorine,
bromine, fluorine, etc.); contact may cause fires or explosions. Keep away from alkaline materials, strong bases,
strong acids, oxoacids, epoxides, alkaline earth, and alkali
metals; finely divided metal. Attacks metals in presence of
moisture. Attacks some plastics, rubber, or coatings
廃棄物の処理
Dissolve or mix the material
with a combustible solvent and burn in a chemical incinerator equipped with an afterburner and scrubber. All federal,
state, and local environmental regulations must be
observed.
1-クロロブタン 上流と下流の製品情報
原材料
準備製品