シリマリン, キク科植物種子由来 化学特性,用途語,生産方法
使用
Silymarin a flavonolignan complex extracted from milk thistle, has been shown to provide cytoprotective, antioxidant and hepatoprotective effects. Provides extracts such as (+)-taxifolin as an inhibitor of β-amyloid aggregation.
適応症
Milk thistle (Silybum [Carduus] marianus) is a spiny
European plant with white-veined leaves and milky sap,
the seed of which is used to treat liver disease.Milk thistle
seed extract is used orally in the treatment of alcoholic
and other cirrhoses and in Europe intravenously
for its hepatoprotective effect in Amanita and other
mushroom poisonings. It is grown in this country primarily
as a “liver cleanser” and is reputed to protect this
organ from a wide array of toxins.Milk thistle seed contains
the active principle silymarin, a complex of
flavonolignan compounds including silibinin (silybin),
silidianin, and silychristin.
一般的な説明
Silymarin is a flavonolignan, obtained from milk thistle (
Silybum marianum) plant.
作用機序
Silymarin is thought to protect the liver by preventing
the entry of toxins into the hepatocyte and by stimulating
nucleolar polymerase A, which, in turn, increases
protein synthesis and liver regeneration. Silymarin undergoes
enterohepatic circulation, increasing its concentration
in hepatocytes. It is also an antioxidant in its
own right and is considered to have some cytoprotective
effect against carcinogens.
臨床応用
Alcoholic cirrhosis has been improved (faster return
of liver enzymes to baseline) in at least three trials, although
one multicenter Spanish study failed to
demonstrate any change in the clinical course.There is
no evidence to support the use of milk thistle to increase
alcohol tolerance, although it is certainly being
used for this purpose. The effectiveness of silymarin
for viral hepatitis is not clear, although several trials
demonstrated enough benefit to encourage further
studies.
Intravenous silymarin has been demonstrated to
lower mortality from Amanita mushroom poisonings,
but this formulation is available only in Europe.Animal
studies have demonstrated hepatic protection against
alcohol, acetaminophen, and mushroom toxins and protection
against hepatic fibrosis with bile duct occlusion.
There is also evidence of silybin protecting against cisplatin-
induced nephrotoxicity in rats. It is not yet clear
whether milk thistle extract offers any renal protection
to humans.
副作用
Milk thistle appears to be remarkably safe, with loose
stools due to increased bile solubility and occasional allergic
reactions being the common side effects. It has not
been evaluated in children or in pregnant women.There
are no known serious drug or herb interactions.
合成
Silymarin can be produced through hairy root cultures of Silybum marianum induced by Agrobacterium rhizogenes, offering a method for continuous and standardized production under controlled conditions. Elicitation strategies, such as treatment with 0.5% v/v Piriformospora indica fungal elicitor for 96 hours, enhance silymarin accumulation in these cultures[1][2][3].
シリマリン, キク科植物種子由来 上流と下流の製品情報
原材料
準備製品