トリクロロアセトニトリル 化学特性,用途語,生産方法
外観
無色～うすい黄色, 澄明の液体
溶解性
水＜0.1 g/100 mL at 21.5℃。エタノール及びアセトンに極めて溶けやすく、水にほとんど溶けない。
用途
農薬?医薬?染料中間体
用途
有機合成原料。
化学的特性
colourless to slightly yellow liquid
使用
Trichloroacetonitrile is involved as a reagent in Overman rearrangement, which is used to prepare alylic amines from allylic alcohols. It is also used to prepare bistrichloroacetimidates from diols leading to dihyrooxazines through acid catalyzed cyclization. Further, it is utilized in the synthesis of trichloroacetimidates by 1,8-Diazobicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU) catalyzed addition of allylic alcohols. It finds application in the study of the methoxy methyl (MOM) catalyzed aza-Claisen rearrangement.
調製方法
Trichloroacetonitrile can be obtained by dehydration of trichloroacetamide with phosphorous pentoxide or by chlorination of acetonitrile with chlorine. Vapor phase chlorination in the presence of water and photochemical chlorination in the presence of catalysts such as HgCl2 or AlCl3 have been reported. Trichloroacetonitrile is an organic intermediate used, for example, in the synthesis of the fungicide etridiazole.
空気と水の反応
Highly flammable. Insoluble in water.
反応プロフィール
May be sensitive to light and heat. Trichloroacetonitrile may react with water, steam, acid or acid fumes. Trichloroacetonitrile may hydrolyze under acidic or alkaline conditions. . The reaction of benzene and Trichloroacetonitrile evolves toxic chloroform and HCl gasses. (Hagedorn, F., H.-P. Gelbke, and Federal Republic of Germany. 2002. Nitriles. In Ullman Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA.).
危険性
Strong irritant to tissue. Questionable carcinogen.
火災危険
Trichloroacetonitrile is combustible.
安全性プロファイル
Poison by ingestion and
intravenous routes. Moderately toxic by
inhalation and skin contact. Human
mutation data reported. A skin and severe
eye irritant. An experimental teratogen.
Other experimental reproductive effects.
When heated to decomposition or in
reaction with water, steam, acid, or acid
fumes it produces toxic fumes of CN-, Cl-,
and NOx. Used as an insecticide. See also
NITRILES and CYANIDE.
Toxicity evaluation
Trichloroacetonitrile (TCAN) is a by-product of the chlorine disinfection of water containing natural organic material. When administered by gavage to pregnant Long-Evans rats in a medium-chain triglyceride vehicle, tricaprylin oil (Tricap), at a volume of 10 ml/kg, TCAN induced fetal cardiovascular anomalies at doses as low as 1 mg/kg/d.
Five groups of approximately 20 pregnant female rats received TCAN in CO at 15, 35, 55, and 75 mg/kg/d and in Tricap at 15 mg/kg/d (10 ml/kg closing volume). Corn oil, Tricap, and water served as vehicle controls. Animals were treated by oral intubation on gestation d 6-18 (vaginal plug -= d 0). Five out of 20 dams (75 mg/kg) died during treatment. Adjusted maternal weight gain was lower in females receiving 35 mg/kg TCAN or greater. The mean percent of nonlive implants per litter was elevated at 55 and 75 mg/kg TCAN (CO). The TCAN dose-response curve for fetal (but not maternal)effects was shifted to the right when CO was compared to Tricap. Fetal weight was reduced at 15 mg/kg TCAN (Tricap) and at 55 mg/kg TCAN (CO). When TCAN was administered in CO, the mean frequency of soft-tissue maliformations decreased with significantly fewer septal and great vessel cardiovascular defects observed. The lowest observed adverse effect level for TCAN (CO) was determined to be 35 kg/kg.
トリクロロアセトニトリル 上流と下流の製品情報
原材料
準備製品
トリフルオロ酢酸
2,5-ジヒドロキシベンゾニトリル
2,3,4,6-TETRA-O-ACETYL-ALPHA-D-GLUCOPYRANOSYL TRICHLOROACETIMIDATE
テトラメトキシメタン
2,3,4,6-テトラ-O-アセチル-β-D-グルコピラノシル2,2,2-トリクロロアセトイミダート
3-フェニル-2-プロピンニトリル
ベンジル 2,2,2-トリクロロアセトイミダート
クロロホスホン酸ジメチル