ゴマ油 化学特性,用途語,生産方法
外観
無色〜黄色, 澄明の液体
定義
本品は、ゴマ Sesamum indicum の種子から得られる脂肪油である。
溶解性
アセトンに溶け、エタノール及び水にほとんど溶けない。
解説
ゴマの種子(含有量45～55％)を圧搾すると得られる半乾性脂肪油．主産地はインド，中国，アメリカなど．微黄色または黄金色の液体で，かすかに特異の臭気をもち，味は緩和で敗油性はない．d15D0.914～0.929．n20D1.473～1.476．凝固点－3～－6 ℃．エタノールに難溶，エーテル，石油ベンジン，クロロホルムまたは二硫化炭素とよく混和する．主成分はリノール酸(33～47％)，オレイン酸(37～65％)，パルミチン酸，ステアリン酸，イコサン酸などのグリセリドである．食料油，膏薬剤の原料などに用いられる．
森北出版「化学辞典（第2版）
無機性値/有機性値
186/1140
用途
ごま油は料理用途に限らず伝統医学や美容業界でも高く評価されていますその独特な香りと味わいはアジア料理をはじめとする多くの料理に深みを加えますまた高い抗酸化性能により食品の保存性を高める効果もあります
応用
ごま油はその独特の風味と栄養価の高さから世界中の料理で広く使用されていますこの油はごま学名Sesamumindicumの種子から抽出される天然の液体であり多くの健康効果が報告されていますごま油の化学的性質とその用途について詳しく掘り下げてみましょう
化粧品の成分用途
閉塞剤、香料
効能
油脂性軟膏基剤, 溶解剤, 賦形剤
保管条件
最高のごま油を選ぶためにはいくつかのポイントを考慮する必要がありますまず冷搾されたコールドプレスごま油を選ぶことをお勧めしますこの方法で抽出された油は加熱による栄養素の損失が少なく風味も豊かですまた有機栽培されたごまから作られた油は化学物質や農薬が少ないため健康に良い選択と言えます
確認試験
本品1mLに白糖0.1g及び塩酸10mLを加え，30秒間
振り混ぜるとき，酸層は淡赤色となり，放置するとき，赤色
に変わる。
化学的特性
Refined sesame oil is a clear, pale-yellow colored liquid with a slight,
pleasant odor and a bland taste. It solidifies to a soft mass at about
-4℃.
使用
sesame oil is a commonly used carrier oil for cosmetic products, it has the same emollient properties as other nut and vegetable oils. Sesame oil is useful in suntan lotions as it blocks 30 percent of the sun’s burning uV rays. It is derived from sesame seeds.
定義
A bland, yellowish, vegetable oil.
調製方法
Sesame oil is obtained from the ripe seeds of one or more cultivated
varieties of Sesamum indicum Linne′ (Fam. Pedaliaceae) by
expression in a hydraulic press or by solvent extraction. The crude
oil thus obtained is refined to obtain an oil suitable for food or
pharmaceutical use. Improved color and odor may be obtained by
further refining.
化学構造
ごま油の主要な成分は脂肪酸ですこれら脂肪酸にはオレイン酸C18H34Oリノール酸C18H32Oパルミチン酸C16H32Oおよびステアリン酸C18H36O2が含まれていますこれらの脂肪酸はごま油に特有の滑らかな口当たりと豊かな風味をもたらしています
応用例（製薬）
The major use of sesame oil in pharmaceutical formulations is as a
solvent in the preparation of sustained-release intramuscular
injections of steroids, such as estradiol valerate, hydroxyprogesterone
caproate, testosterone enanthate, and nandrolone decanoate, or other oil-soluble drug substances, such as the decanoates or
enanthate esters of fluphenazine. The disappearance of sesame oil
from the injection site, following subcutaneous or intramuscular
administration to pigs, has been reported to have a half-life of about
23 days. The in vitro drug release rates from oily depot
formulations containing sesame oil intended for intra-articular
administration have been reported.
Sesame oil may be used as a solvent in the preparation of
subcutaneous injections, oral capsules, rectal suppositories,
and ophthalmic preparations; it may also be used in the
formulation of suspensions and emulsions. Multipleemulsion
formulations, in which sesame oil was one of the oil
phases incorporated, have been investigated as a prolonged-release
system for rifampicin; microemulsions containing sesame oil
have been prepared for the transdermal delivery of ketoprofen.
Sesame oil has also been included in self-microemulsifying drug
delivery systems, and fast-disintegrating lyophilized dry emulsion
tablets for oral administration. It has also been used in the
preparation of liniments, pastes, ointments, and soaps. A sesame
paste (tahini), composed of crushed sesame seeds in sesame oil, has
been investigated as a novel suspending agent.
Sesame oil is additionally used as an edible oil and in the
preparation of oleomargarine.
安全性
Sesame oil is mainly used in intramuscular and subcutaneous
injections; it should not be administered intravenously. It is also
used in topical pharmaceutical formulations and consumed as an
edible oil.
Although it is generally regarded as an essentially nontoxic and
nonirritant material, there have been rare reports of hypersensitivity
to sesame oil, with sesamin suspected as being the primary
allergen. Anaphylactic reactions to sesame seeds have also
been reported. However, it is thought that the allergens in the seeds
may be inactivated or destroyed by heating as heat-extracted sesame
seed oil or baked sesame seeds do not cause anaphylactic reactions
in sesame seed-allergic individuals.
LD50 (rabbit, IV): 678 mg/kg
貯蔵
Sesame oil is more stable than most other fixed oils and does not
readily become rancid; this has been attributed to the antioxidant
effect of some of its characteristic constituents. The PhEur 6.3
permits the addition of a suitable antioxidant to sesame oil.
Sesame oil may be sterilized by aseptic filtration or dry heat. It
has been reported that suitable conditions for the sterilization of
injections containing sesame oil are a temperature of 170℃ for 2
hours; it has been suggested that 150℃ for 1 hour is inadequate.
However, it has been demonstrated that dry heat sterilization of
sesame oil at 150℃ for 1 hour was sufficient to kill all added
Bacillus subtilis spores.
Sesame oil should be stored in a well-filled, airtight, lightresistant
container, at a temperature not exceeding 40℃. Sesame oil intended for use in the manufacture of parenteral dosage forms
should be stored under an inert gas in an airtight glass container.
不和合性
Sesame oil may be saponified by alkali hydroxides.
規制状況(Regulatory Status)
Included in the FDA Inactive Ingredients Database (IM and SC
injections; oral capsules, emulsions, and tablets; also topical
preparations). Included in parenteral (IM injections) and nonparenteral
(oral capsules) medicines licensed in the UK. Included in the
Canadian List of Acceptable Non-medicinal Ingredients.
ゴマ油 上流と下流の製品情報
原材料
準備製品