1,3-ブタンジオール 化学特性,用途語,生産方法
外観
無色澄明の液体
定義
BGは、1,3-ブチレングリコールの表示名称である。本品は、次の化学式で表される二価アルコールである。
溶解性
水, エタノール, アセトンに易溶。エーテルに殆ど不溶。水、エタノール及びアセトンに溶けやすく、ジエチルエーテルにほとんど溶けない。
無機性値/有機性値
200/80
用途
樹脂原料、界面活性剤
用途
有機合成原料。
化粧品の成分用途
減粘剤、皮膚コンディショニング剤、溶剤、香料
効能
溶解剤
使用上の注意
吸湿性が強い
説明
1,3-Butanediol(also known as 1,3-Butylene Glycol or Butylene glycol) is a viscous, colorless, transparent liquid with a boiling point of 208°C and a faint odor. It exhibits the reactivity of a diol and possesses excellent chemical stability. Currently, 1,3-Butanediol is predominantly used in the cosmetics industry as a humectant, thanks to its excellent antibacterial properties and lower irritation and allergenicity compared to glycerol and propylene glycol. In the chemical industry, it is used to synthesize various resins, improve their properties, and enhance dyeability. As a solvent, 1,3-Butanediol is used in the manufacture of coatings, adhesives, and other chemical products. It is a key raw material in the production of polyester and polyether polyols, which are polymers used to manufacture polyurethane foams, elastomers, and coatings, among others. In the pharmaceutical industry, 1,3-Butanediol serves as a key intermediate in the synthesis of various drug molecules, including antibiotics, antiviral drugs, and anticancer agents. During drug preparation, it acts as a solvent, helping to improve the solubility and stability of active pharmaceutical ingredients.
使用
1,3-Butanediol is used in the synthesis of colchicine derivatives as anticancer agents. Also used in the synthesis of dual peroxisome proliferator-activated gamma and delta agonists acting as euglycem
ic agents in the treatment of diabetes.
定義
ChEBI: A butanediol compound having two hydroxy groups in the 1- and 3-positions.
製造方法
1,3-Butanediol can be produced by either chemical synthesis or biosynthesis. Chemical synthesis routes include the acetylene condensation–hydrogenation process, the propylene–formaldehyde condensation–hydrolysis process, and the one-step diacetone process. Among these methods, the acetylene condensation–hydrogenation route is currently the most widely used industrial production process.
調製方法
Butylene glycol is prepared by catalytic hydrogenation of aldol
using Raney nickel.
一般的な説明
(±)-1,3-Butanediol (BD) is a 1,3-diol. Its vapor pressure upto 270kPa, liquid-phase densities over a temperature range, two-phase (liquid + vapor) heat capacities, critical temperature and critical density have been determined. The obtained data was employed to derive various thermophysical properties.
化学性质
无色粘稠液体，具有吸湿性
応用例（製薬）
Butylene glycol is used as a solvent and cosolvent for injectables.
It is used in topical ointments, creams, and lotions, and it is also
used as a vehicle in transdermal patches. Butylene glycol is a good
solvent for many pharmaceuticals, especially estrogenic substances.
In an oil-in-water emulsion, butylene glycol exerts its best
antimicrobial effects at ～8% concentration. Higher concentrations
above 16.7% are required to inhibit fungal growth.
接触アレルゲン
This dihydric alcohol is used for its humectant and preservative
potentiator properties in cosmetics, topical
medicaments and polyurethane, polyester, cellophane,
and cigarettes. It has similar properties, but is less irritant
than propylene glycol. Contact allergies seem to be rare.
副作用
1,3-Butanediol is commonly used as a solvent in food flavourings and is mildly toxic by oral and subcutaneous routes, with possible side effects including severe respiratory problems, coma, amnesia, belligerence, confusion, agitation, vomiting, seizures and very slow heartbeat. People who use butylene glycol on a regular basis and then stop using it may also experience withdrawal symptoms such as sleep problems (insomnia), tremors and anxiety.
安全性プロファイル
Mdly toxic by
ingestion and subcutaneous routes. A skin
and eye irritant. See also ETHYLENE
GLYCOL. Experimental reproductive
effects. Combustible when exposed to heat
or flame. Incompatible with oxidizing
materials. To fight fire, use foam, alcohol
foam, CO2, dry chemical. When heated to
decomposition it emits acrid smoke and
irritating fumes.
安全性
Butylene glycol is used in a wide variety of cosmetic formulations
and is generally regarded as a relatively nontoxic material. It is
mildly toxic by oral and subcutaneous routes.
In topical preparations, butylene glycol is regarded as minimally
irritant. Butylene glycol can cause allergic contact dermatitis, with
local sensitivity reported in patch tests. Some local irritation
is produced on eye contact.
LD
50 (guinea pig, oral): 11.0 g/kg
LD
50 (mouse, oral): 12.98 g/kg
LD
50 (rat, oral): 18.61 g/kg
LD
50 (rat, SC): 20.0 g/kg
発がん性
There were no tumors found in
the 2-year feeding studies on dogs and rats . Thus, it
appears that 1,3-butanediol is not carcinogenic.
貯蔵
Butylene glycol is hygroscopic and should be stored in a well-closed
container in a cool, dry, well-ventilated place. When heated to
decomposition, butylene glycol emits acrid smoke and irritating
fumes.
合成方法
通过环氧丙烷和1,3-丁二醇的反应制得
不和合性
Butylene glycol is incompatible with oxidizing reagents.
規制状況(Regulatory Status)
GRAS listed. Included in the FDA Inactive Ingredients Database
(transdermal patches). Included in licensed medicines in the UK
(topical gel patches/medicated plasters).
1,3-ブタンジオール 上流と下流の製品情報
原材料
準備製品