| Company Name: |
Sigma-Aldrich |
| Tel: |
021-61415566 800-8193336 |
| Email: |
orderCN@merckgroup.com |
|
| | LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE FROM SALMONELLA ENTERITIDIS Chemical Properties |
| storage temp. | 2-8°C | | form | lyophilized powder | | color | white to yellow cast | | biological source | Serratia marcescens | | Water Solubility | water: soluble |
| Hazard Codes | Xn | | Risk Statements | 22-20 | | Safety Statements | 22-24/25 | | WGK Germany | 3 | | RTECS | OJ0895625 |
| | LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE FROM SALMONELLA ENTERITIDIS Usage And Synthesis |
| Uses | Lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) are characteristic components of the cell wall of Gram-negative bacteria. LPS and its lipid A moiety stimulate cells of the innate immune system by the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), a member of the Toll-like receptor protein family, which recognizes common pathogen-associated molecular-patterns (PAMPs). | | Uses | Lipopolysaccharides from Pseudomonas aeruginosa 10 has been used as an inflammatory mediator in cells. | | General Description | This product is phenol extracted from Serratia marcescens. The source strain is ATCC 21639. | | Biochem/physiol Actions | Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) are localized in the outer layer of the membrane and are, in noncapsulated strains, exposed on the cell surface. They contribute to the integrity of the outer membrane, and protect the cell against the action of bile salts and lipophilic antibiotics. | | Description | LPS is supplied as a lyophilized powder and is from E. coli serotype O111:B4. It is purified via phenol extraction. | | Background | Lipopolysaccharide, also known as endotoxin, is a major glycolipid constituent of the outer cell wall of gram-negative bacteria. LPS molecules typically consist of a strain-specific distal polysaccharide side chain known as the O-antigen, a hydrophilic core oligosaccharide, and a hydrophobic domain referred to as lipid A. Lipid A is covalently bound to the outer bacterial membrane and is responsible for the toxicity of LPS. LPS is a potent activator of the proinflammatory response in many mammalian cell types, including macrophages, monocytes, and endothelial cells. Investigators have demonstrated that LPS binds to the CD14/TLR4/MD2 receptor complex, which in turn induces inflammatory cytokines including TNF-α, Interleukin-1, and IFN-α, as well as numerous inflammatory proteins such as iNOS, NF-κB, RIG-1, and IRF-3. | | References | [1] Raetz, C.R. and Whitfield, C. (2002) Annu Rev Biochem 71, 635-700.
[2] Rietschel, E.T. et al. (1994) FASEB J 8, 217-25.
[3] Maeshima, N. and Fernandez, R.C. (2013) Front Cell Infect Microbiol 3, 3.
[4] Pålsson-McDermott, E.M. and O'Neill, L.A. (2004) Immunology 113, 153-62.
[5] Wang, J. et al. (2008) J Immunol 180, 8011-9.
[6] Zhang, F.X. et al. (1999) J Biol Chem 274, 7611-4. |
| | LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE FROM SALMONELLA ENTERITIDIS Preparation Products And Raw materials |
|