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| | 4-hydroxy Nonenal Glutathione-d3 Basic information |
| | 4-hydroxy Nonenal Glutathione-d3 Chemical Properties |
| solubility | Water: 10 mg/ml |
| | 4-hydroxy Nonenal Glutathione-d3 Usage And Synthesis |
| Description | 4-hydroxy Nonenal Glutathione-d3 (4-HNE-GSH-d3) is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of 4-HNE-GSH by GC- or LC-MS. 4-hydroxy-Nonenal (4-HNE) is a major aldehyde produced during the lipid peroxidation of ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids, such as arachidonic acid and linoleic acid.1,2 4-HNE-GSH is a major adduct formed by the reaction of 4-HNE with GSH.3,4,5,6 4-HNE-GSH levels in liver, plasma, or isolated cells can serve as biomarkers for oxidative stress.7 The trapping of 4-HNE by glutathione to give HNE-GSH prevents the formation of DNA adducts with 4-HNE.8,9 In human polymorphonuclear leukocytes, HNE-GSH is metabolized to 1,4-dihydroxynonene glutathione (DHN-GSH), 4-hydroxynonenoic acid glutathione (HNA-GSH), and 4-hydroxy nonenal mercapturic acid (HNE-MA).3WARNING This product is not for human or veterinary use. | | References | [1] WILLIAM A. PRYOR Ned A P. Suggested mechanisms for the production of 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal from the autoxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids[J]. Free Radical Biology and Medicine, 1990, 8 6: Pages 541-543. DOI: 10.1016/0891-5849(90)90153-a
[2] HERMANN ESTERBAUER Helmward Z Rudolf Jörg Schaur. Chemistry and biochemistry of 4-hydroxynonenal, malonaldehyde and related aldehydes[J]. Free Radical Biology and Medicine, 1991, 11 1: Pages 81-128. DOI: 10.1016/0891-5849(91)90192-6
[3] WERNER SIEMS . Metabolism of 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes[J]. Archives of biochemistry and biophysics, 2010, 503 2: Pages 248-252. DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2010.08.018
[4] ALEXIA LAURENT. Analysis in the Rat of 4-Hydroxynonenal Metabolites Excreted in Bile: Evidence of Enterohepatic Circulation of These Byproducts of Lipid Peroxidation[J]. Chemical Research in Toxicology, 1999, 12 10: 887-894. DOI: 10.1021/tx9900425
[5] WERNER SIEMS Tilman G. Intracellular metabolism of 4-hydroxynonenal[J]. Molecular Aspects of Medicine, 2003, 24 4: Pages 167-175. DOI: 10.1016/s0098-2997(03)00011-6
[6] JACQUES ALARY. Identification of Intermediate Pathways of 4-Hydroxynonenal Metabolism in the Rat[J]. Chemical Research in Toxicology, 2003, 16 3: 320-327. DOI: 10.1021/tx025671k
[7] WOLFGANG VÖLKEL . Glutathione conjugates of 4-hydroxy-2(E)-nonenal as biomarkers of hepatic oxidative stress-induced lipid peroxidation in rats[J]. Free Radical Biology and Medicine, 2005, 38 11: Pages 1526-1536. DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2005.02.015
[8] A. O. KING. An efficient synthesis of LTD4 antagonist L-699,392[J]. The Journal of Organic Chemistry, 1993, 58 14: 3731-3735. DOI: 10.1021/jo00066a027
[9] OLIVIER FALLETTI. Trapping of 4-hydroxynonenal by glutathione efficiently prevents formation of DNA adducts in human cells[J]. Free Radical Biology and Medicine, 2007, 42 8: Pages 1258-1269. DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2007.01.024 |
| | 4-hydroxy Nonenal Glutathione-d3 Preparation Products And Raw materials |
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