ADAM7 (A Disintegrin And Metalloproteinase 7) is a member of the ADAM family of transmembrane proteins, which are involved in cell adhesion, proteolytic processing, and cell signaling. Initially identified in the testis, ADAM7 is predominantly expressed in reproductive tissues, including spermatozoa and the epididymis. It features a conserved domain structure: a prodomain, metalloproteinase domain, disintegrin-like domain, cysteine-rich region, and transmembrane domain. While its catalytic activity remains debated, ADAM7 is implicated in sperm maturation, fertilization, and cell-cell interactions through potential roles in ectodomain shedding or adhesion modulation.
Antibodies targeting ADAM7 are critical tools for studying its expression, localization, and function. They are widely used in techniques like Western blotting, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence to investigate ADAM7's tissue-specific distribution and regulatory mechanisms. Research has linked ADAM7 to male infertility, as its dysregulation may impair sperm motility or egg binding. Additionally, studies suggest its involvement in cancer progression, particularly in prostate and ovarian cancers, where it may influence metastasis or cell survival pathways.
Validated ADAM7 antibodies help clarify its physiological and pathological roles, though challenges persist in distinguishing ADAM7 from structurally similar family members. Recent work also explores its potential as a biomarker or therapeutic target, driving demand for highly specific reagents.