**Background of AANAT Antibodies**
AANAT (arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase) is a critical enzyme in melatonin synthesis, catalyzing the conversion of serotonin to N-acetylserotonin, the immediate precursor of melatonin. It plays a central role in regulating circadian rhythms, as its activity fluctuates rhythmically under control of the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). AANAT antibodies are essential tools for studying the expression, localization, and function of this enzyme in various tissues, particularly the pineal gland, retina, and peripheral organs.
These antibodies are widely used in research applications such as Western blotting, immunohistochemistry, and ELISA to investigate AANAT's involvement in sleep-wake cycles, mood disorders, and cancer progression. Species-specific AANAT antibodies (e.g., human, mouse, rat) enable cross-species comparative studies, aiding in translational research. Dysregulation of AANAT has been linked to circadian disruptions, depression, and metabolic disorders, making its detection vital for understanding disease mechanisms.
Commercial AANAT antibodies are typically validated for specificity and sensitivity, often targeting conserved epitopes. Researchers also utilize them to explore pharmacological or environmental impacts on melatonin pathways. Their development continues to advance studies in chronobiology, neuroendocrinology, and therapeutic targeting of rhythm-related diseases.