IL-36α (Interleukin-36 alpha), a member of the IL-1 cytokine superfamily, plays a critical role in regulating inflammatory and immune responses. It is primarily expressed in epithelial tissues and immune cells, where it binds to the IL-36 receptor (IL-36R) complex, activating downstream signaling pathways such as NF-κB and MAPK. This cytokine is implicated in skin inflammation, psoriasis, and autoimmune disorders, making it a therapeutic target. IL-36α antibodies are designed to neutralize its activity, blocking receptor interaction and dampening excessive inflammation.
Research-grade IL-36α antibodies (monoclonal or polyclonal) are widely used as tools to study its expression, signaling mechanisms, and pathological roles in preclinical models. Therapeutically, anti-IL-36 antibodies have gained attention for conditions like generalized pustular psoriasis (GPP), where IL-36 signaling is hyperactive. Clinical trials targeting IL-36R, such as spesolimab (anti-IL-36R monoclonal antibody), have shown efficacy in GPP, highlighting the translational potential of modulating this pathway.
Overall, IL-36α antibodies bridge basic research and clinical applications, offering insights into inflammatory diseases and paving the way for targeted therapies with improved safety profiles compared to broad immunosuppressants.