The MUC2 antibody targets mucin 2 (MUC2), a large, secreted glycoprotein critical for forming the protective mucus layer in epithelial tissues, particularly the gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts. MUC2 is primarily produced by goblet cells and contributes to mucosal defense by trapping pathogens, lubricating surfaces, and regulating gut microbiota interactions. Its structural complexity, characterized by tandem repeats rich in proline, threonine, and serine (PTS domains), allows extensive O-glycosylation, which is essential for its gel-forming properties.
Antibodies against MUC2 are widely used in research to study mucus biology, epithelial barrier function, and diseases linked to mucin dysregulation. For instance, altered MUC2 expression is implicated in colorectal cancer (both overexpression and loss), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and respiratory conditions. Monoclonal and polyclonal MUC2 antibodies enable detection of MUC2 in techniques like immunohistochemistry, Western blotting, and ELISA, helping map its distribution in healthy versus diseased tissues.
Commercial MUC2 antibodies are often validated for specificity against conserved regions, such as the N-terminal or tandem repeat domains. However, challenges persist due to MUC2’s size, glycosylation variability, and homology with other mucins. Despite this, these antibodies remain vital tools for understanding mucus-related pathologies and developing diagnostic or therapeutic strategies targeting mucosal health.