The ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) is a critical membrane protein involved in cellular cholesterol efflux, a key step in reverse cholesterol transport. It facilitates the transfer of phospholipids and cholesterol to apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I), forming nascent high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particles. Dysregulation of ABCA1 is linked to atherosclerosis, Tangier disease (characterized by extremely low HDL levels), and other metabolic disorders. Antibodies targeting ABCA1 are essential tools for studying its expression, localization, and function in various tissues, including liver, macrophages, and endothelial cells.
ABCA1 antibodies are widely used in techniques like Western blotting, immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry, and immunofluorescence to quantify protein levels, assess tissue distribution, or monitor changes during disease progression. Both monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies are available, with epitopes typically targeting cytoplasmic domains (e.g., N-terminal or C-terminal regions) due to challenges in producing antibodies against large extracellular loops. Researchers often validate antibody specificity using ABCA1-knockout models or siRNA-mediated knockdown. Commercial antibodies may vary in performance across applications, necessitating optimization of protocols. Recent studies also employ ABCA1 antibodies to investigate its post-translational modifications (e.g., phosphorylation) or interactions with regulatory proteins like LXR receptors, providing insights into therapeutic strategies for cardiovascular diseases.