NUP98 (Nucleoporin 98) is a critical component of the nuclear pore complex (NPC), which regulates nucleocytoplasmic transport of RNA and proteins. It plays roles in gene expression, chromatin organization, and cell cycle progression. The NUP98 gene is frequently implicated in chromosomal translocations associated with acute leukemias, particularly acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL). These translocations generate fusion oncoproteins (e.g., NUP98-HOXA9. NUP98-NSD1) that disrupt hematopoietic differentiation and promote leukemogenesis.
NUP98 antibodies are essential tools for studying its expression, localization, and interactions in normal and diseased states. They are widely used in techniques like immunohistochemistry (IHC), Western blotting, immunofluorescence (IF), and co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) to investigate NPC architecture, fusion protein dynamics, and leukemia-related mechanisms. Specific antibodies can distinguish wild-type NUP98 from fusion variants, aiding in diagnostics and research on translocation-driven malignancies.
Clinically, detecting NUP98 rearrangements or aberrant expression has prognostic significance, as certain fusions correlate with aggressive disease or chemotherapy resistance. Research using NUP98 antibodies continues to unravel its roles in oncogenesis, RNA export, and chromatin regulation, offering potential therapeutic targets. These antibodies also contribute to understanding NPC dysfunction in rare genetic disorders and viral infections that exploit nucleoporins for replication.