Neurturin (NRTN), a member of the glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) family, plays a critical role in the development, maintenance, and survival of specific neuronal populations, particularly dopaminergic and enteric neurons. It signals through a receptor complex comprising the RET tyrosine kinase and a glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol-anchored co-receptor (GFRα2). Dysregulation of NRTN signaling has been implicated in neurodegenerative disorders like Parkinson’s disease (PD) and gastrointestinal motility disorders.
NRTN antibodies are tools designed to detect, quantify, or modulate NRTN activity in research and therapeutic contexts. In research, they are used to study NRTN expression patterns, signaling mechanisms, and interactions in cellular and animal models. Therapeutically, NRTN antibodies have been explored for their potential to enhance neuroprotection or counteract pathological processes. For example, in PD, antibody-mediated delivery of NRTN or targeting its receptors has been tested to restore dopaminergic function. Conversely, autoantibodies against NRTN may contribute to autoimmune neuropathies, highlighting their dual role in health and disease.
Clinical interest in NRTN antibodies also extends to diagnostic applications, as altered NRTN levels in serum or tissues may serve as biomarkers for neurological or gastrointestinal conditions. However, challenges remain in optimizing specificity, bioavailability, and minimizing off-target effects in therapeutic settings. Ongoing studies aim to refine antibody engineering and delivery strategies to harness NRTN's neurotrophic potential effectively.