CXCL5 (C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 5), also known as epithelial-derived neutrophil-activating peptide 78 (ENA-78), is a small secreted protein belonging to the CXC chemokine subfamily. It functions as a chemoattractant for neutrophils by binding to the CXCR2 receptor, playing a key role in immune responses, inflammation, and tissue repair. CXCL5 is produced by various cell types, including epithelial cells, macrophages, and tumor cells, and its expression is regulated by inflammatory cytokines (e.g., IL-1β, TNF-α) and pathogen-associated signals.
CXCL5 is implicated in multiple pathological conditions. Elevated levels are observed in cancers (e.g., colorectal, lung, and breast cancers), where it promotes angiogenesis, tumor growth, and metastasis. It also contributes to chronic inflammatory diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis and inflammatory bowel disease, by sustaining neutrophil infiltration and tissue damage.
CXCL5 antibodies are essential tools for detecting and quantifying CXCL5 in research and diagnostics. They are widely used in techniques like Western blotting, immunohistochemistry, and ELISA to study its expression patterns, cellular localization, and regulatory mechanisms. Therapeutically, neutralizing anti-CXCL5 antibodies are under investigation to block CXCL5-CXCR2 signaling, aiming to suppress inflammation or tumor progression in preclinical models. These antibodies hold potential as targeted therapies, though clinical validation is ongoing. Understanding CXCL5's role and its modulation via antibodies remains a critical focus in immunology and oncology research.