The Phospho-JNK1/2/3 (Thr183+Thr183+Thr221) antibody detects JNK isoforms (JNK1. JNK2. JNK3) when phosphorylated at specific activation loop residues: Thr183 in JNK1/JNK2 and Thr221 in JNK3. These phosphorylation events, along with Tyr185 (JNK1/JNK2) or Tyr223 (JNK3), are critical for JNK activation, a process mediated by upstream kinases MKK4 and MKK7 in response to stress signals (e.g., UV radiation, cytokines, oxidative stress). Activated JNKs translocate to the nucleus, phosphorylate transcription factors like c-Jun and ATF2. and regulate apoptosis, inflammation, proliferation, and differentiation.
This antibody is widely used in research to study JNK signaling dynamics in diseases such as cancer, neurodegeneration, and immune disorders. By targeting the phosphorylated forms, it helps assess JNK activation status in models of cellular stress, drug responses, or genetic manipulations. Validation often includes Western blotting, immunohistochemistry, or immunofluorescence in cell lines or tissues with known JNK activation (e.g., UV-treated samples as positive controls). Specificity is ensured by comparing phosphorylated vs. non-phosphorylated JNK levels. Researchers rely on this tool to dissect MAPK pathway mechanisms and evaluate therapeutic targets influencing JNK activity.