The TRX1 antibody is a crucial tool in studying thioredoxin 1 (Trx1), a 12-kDa redox protein central to maintaining cellular redox homeostasis. Trx1. encoded by the *TXN* gene, functions as a key antioxidant by reducing disulfide bonds in target proteins via its conserved Cys-Gly-Pro-Cys active site. It plays vital roles in regulating cell proliferation, apoptosis, and inflammation by interacting with signaling molecules like ASK1 and NF-κB. Trx1 is implicated in numerous diseases, including cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, and cardiovascular conditions, where its dysregulation often correlates with oxidative stress and pathological progression.
TRX1 antibodies are widely used to detect Trx1 expression and localization in tissues or cultured cells through techniques like Western blotting, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence. These antibodies help researchers investigate Trx1's involvement in disease mechanisms, therapeutic responses, and its potential as a biomarker. Some studies highlight elevated Trx1 levels in tumors, linking it to chemotherapy resistance and poor prognosis.
Available as monoclonal or polyclonal forms from various suppliers, TRX1 antibodies differ in species reactivity (human, mouse, rat) and application-specific validation. Researchers must select antibodies validated for their experimental model and method. Additionally, Trx1’s extracellular roles in immune modulation and redox signaling have spurred interest in developing Trx1-targeted therapies, making its antibody a valuable reagent in both basic research and drug development. Proper controls are essential to ensure specificity, given structural similarities among thioredoxin family members.