Liver carboxylesterase 1 (CES1) is a key enzyme predominantly expressed in the liver, playing a critical role in hydrolyzing a wide range of endogenous and exogenous substrates, including lipid metabolites, drugs, and environmental toxins. As a member of the carboxylesterase family, CES1 is involved in drug metabolism, detoxification, and lipid homeostasis, making it a focal point in pharmacological and toxicological studies. Antibodies targeting CES1 are essential tools for investigating its expression, localization, and function in both physiological and pathological contexts.
These antibodies are typically produced using immunogens derived from specific regions of the CES1 protein, such as conserved peptide sequences or recombinant protein fragments. They enable detection of CES1 in various applications, including Western blotting, immunohistochemistry (IHC), and immunofluorescence (IF), aiding in studies of liver diseases (e.g., non-alcoholic fatty liver disease), drug metabolism variability, and cancer (where CES1 expression may influence chemotherapeutic efficacy). Validation often involves knockout cell lines or tissue samples to confirm specificity, as cross-reactivity with other carboxylesterases (e.g., CES2) must be ruled out. Research using CES1 antibodies has highlighted its role in lipid dysregulation, viral infections, and personalized medicine, particularly in understanding genetic polymorphisms affecting drug responses.