Myristinsure Chemische Eigenschaften,Einsatz,Produktion Methoden
R-Sätze Betriebsanweisung:
R36/37/38:Reizt die Augen, die Atmungsorgane und die Haut.
S-Sätze Betriebsanweisung:
S24/25:Berührung mit den Augen und der Haut vermeiden.
Beschreibung
Myristic acid, also called tetradecanoic acid , is a common saturated fatty acid with the molecular formula CH
3(CH
2)
12COOH. A myristate is a salt or ester of myristic acid.
Myristic acid is named after the nutmeg Myristica fragrans. Nutmeg butter is 75 % trimyristin, the triglyceride of myristic acid. Besides nutmeg, myristic acid is also found in palm kernel oil, coconut oil, butter fat and is a minor component of many other animal fats. It is also found in spermaceti, the crystallized fraction of oil from the sperm whale.
Myristic acid is also commonly added co-translationally to the penultimate, nitrogen-terminus, glycine in receptor-associated kinases to confer the membrane localisation of the enzyme. The myristic acid has a sufficiently high hydrophobicity to become incorporated into the fatty acyl core of the phospholipid bilayer of the plasma membrane of the eukaryotic cell. In this way, myristic acid acts as a lipid anchor in biomembranes.
The ester isopropyl myristate is used in cosmetic and topical medicinal preparations where good absorption through the skin is desired.
Reduction of myristic acid yields myristyl aldehyde and myristyl alcohol.
Chemische Eigenschaften
Myristic acid occurs as an oily white crystalline solid with a faint
odor.
Occurrence
Reported found in nutmeg, palm seed, sperm whale oil, blue cheese, burley tobacco, cooked beef and chicken,
fish, rum, apricot, banana, lemon and grapefruit juice, cranberry, guava, grapes, melon, papaya, raspberry, strawberry fruit and jam,
cucumber, tomato, many cheeses, thyme, breads, butter, milk, lamb liver, pork, hop oil, beer, cognac, whiskies, peanut oil, cocoa, tea,
coconut meat and milk, cloudberry, beans, passion fruit, mushroom, mango, starfruit, tamarind, kelp, cardamom, rice, buckwheat,
watercress, malt, wort, loquat, Bourbon vanilla, lemon balm, shrimp, nectarine, crab, scallop, squid, cape gooseberry, Chinese
quince, pawpaw and sweet grass oi
Verwenden
Myristic Acid is a common saturated fatty acid found in nutmeg, palm kernel oil, coconut oil and butter fat.
Definition
ChEBI: A straight-chain, fourteen-carbon, long-chain saturated fatty acid mostly found in milk fat.
synthetische
From fatty acid mixture of palm seed oil
Vorbereitung Methode
Myristic acid occurs naturally in nutmeg butter and in most animal
and vegetables fats. Synthetically, it may be prepared by electrolysis
of methyl hydrogen adipate and decanoic acid or by Maurer
oxidation of myristyl alcohol.
Allgemeine Beschreibung
Oily white crystalline solid.
Air & Water Reaktionen
Insoluble in water.
Brandgefahr
Myristic acid is probably combustible.
Pharmazeutische Anwendungen
Myristic acid is used in oral and topical pharmaceutical formulations.
Myristic acid has been evaluated as a penetration enhancer in
melatonin transdermal patches in rats and bupropion formulations
on human cadaver skin.Further studies have assessed the
suitability of myristic acid in oxymorphone formulations and
clobetasol 17-propionate topical applications.Furthermore,
polyvinyl alcohol substituted with myristic acid (as well as other
fatty acids) at different substitution degrees has been used for the
preparation of biodegradable microspheres containing progesterone
or indomethacin.
Sicherheitsprofil
Poison by intravenous
route. Mutation data reported. An eye and
human skin irritant. When heated to
decomposition it emits acrid smoke and
irritating fumes.
Sicherheit(Safety)
Myristic acid is used in oral and topical pharmaceutical formulations
and is generally regarded as nontoxic and nonirritant at the
levels employed as an excipient. However, myristic acid is reported
to be an eye and skin irritant at high levels and is poisonous by
intravenous administration. Mutation data have also been
reported.
LD
50 (mouse, IV): 0.043 g/kg
LD
50 (rat, oral): >10 g/kg
Lager
The bulk material should be stored in a well-closed container in a
cool, dry, place.
läuterung methode
Purify the acid via the methyl ester (b 153-154o/10mm, n25 1.4350), as for capric acid. [Trachtman & Miller J Am Chem Soc 84 4828 1962.] Also purify it by zone melting. It crystallises from pet ether, and is dried in a vacuum desiccator containing shredded wax. [Beilstein 2 IV 1126.]
Inkompatibilitäten
Myristic acid is incompatible with strong oxidizing agents and
bases.
Regulatory Status
GRAS listed. Included in the FDA Inactive Ingredients Database (oral capsules). Included in nonparenteral medicines licensed in the UK.
Myristinsure Upstream-Materialien And Downstream Produkte
Upstream-Materialien
Downstream Produkte
