Bromacil Chemische Eigenschaften,Einsatz,Produktion Methoden
ERSCHEINUNGSBILD
FARBLOSE BIS WEISSE KRISTALLE.
CHEMISCHE GEFAHREN
Zersetzung beim Erhitzen unter Bildung giftiger Rauche mit Bromwasserstoff und Stickstoffoxiden. Zersetzung bei Kontakt mit Säuren oder Oxidationsmitteln.
ARBEITSPLATZGRENZWERTE
TLV: 10 mg/m? (als TWA); Krebskategorie A3 (bestätigte krebserzeugende Wirkung beim Tier mit unbekannter Bedeutung für den Menschen); (ACGIH 2005).
MAK nicht festgelegt (DFG 2005).
AUFNAHMEWEGE
Aufnahme in den Körper durch Verschlucken.
INHALATIONSGEFAHREN
Verdampfen bei 20°C vernachlässigbar; eine belästigende Partikelkonzentration in der Luft kann jedoch schnell erreicht werden.
WIRKUNGEN BEI KURZZEITEXPOSITION
WIRKUNGEN BEI KURZZEITEXPOSITION: Die Substanz reizt leicht die Augen, die Haut und die Atemwege.
LECKAGE
NICHT in die Umwelt gelangen lassen. Verschüttetes Material in Behältern sammeln; falls erforderlich durch Anfeuchten Staubentwicklung verhindern. Reste sorgfältig sammeln. An sicheren Ort bringen. Persönliche Schutzausrüstung: Atemschutzgerät, P2-Filter für schädliche Partikel.
R-Sätze Betriebsanweisung:
R22:Gesundheitsschädlich beim Verschlucken.
R36/37/38:Reizt die Augen, die Atmungsorgane und die Haut.
R50:Sehr giftig für Wasserorganismen.
R36:Reizt die Augen.
S-Sätze Betriebsanweisung:
S26:Bei Berührung mit den Augen sofort gründlich mit Wasser abspülen und Arzt konsultieren.
S61:Freisetzung in die Umwelt vermeiden. Besondere Anweisungen einholen/Sicherheitsdatenblatt zu Rate ziehen.
Beschreibung
Bromacil (CAS 314-40-9) belongs to a class of herbicides
known as uracils, first developed by DuPont in 1962. Its
herbicidal activity is due to inhibition of photosynthesis in
several species of weeds and brush. Since its introduction in
1962, farmers in North and South America and Asia have used
bromacil-containing herbicides for crop protection.
Chemische Eigenschaften
Bromacil is a noncombustible colorless, crystalline
solid, which may be dissolved in a flammable liquid.
Verwenden
Bromacil is a nonselective inhibitor of photosynthesis,
absorbed mainly through the root and used for general
weed control on uncropped land at 5–15 kg/ha (2–4 kg/ha
annual maintenance). It is also used for weed control in citrus
plantations and for perennial grass control and annual pineapple
plantations.
Definition
Substitute approved by EPA for some uses of 2,4,5-T.
Allgemeine Beschreibung
Colorless to white odorless crystalline solid. Used as an herbicide. Commercially available as a wettable powder or in liquid formulations.
Reaktivität anzeigen
Bromacil is incompatible with the following: Strong acids (decomposes slowly), oxidizers, heat, sparks, open flames .
Hazard
Possible carcinogen. Thyroid effects.
Landwirtschaftliche Anwendung
Bromacil: Bromacil is used primarily for the control of annual and
perennial grasses and broadleaf weeds, both nonselectively on
noncrop lands and selectively for weed-control in citrus and pineapple
crops. The top five applications in California for which this
is used are oranges, lemons, grapefruit, and right-of-ways and
landscapes. A limit of 0.1 mg/kg of agricultural products is set in
several countries[35]. Not approved for use in EU countries.
Handelsname
BOREA®; BOROCIL EXTRA®; α-BROMACIL
80 WP®; BROMAX®; CROPTEX ONYX®;
CYNOGEN®; DuPontTM HERBICIDE 976®; EEREX®;
FENOCIL®; HERBICIDE 976®; HIBOR; HYDON®;
HYVAR®; HYVAR-X®; HYVAR X BROMACIL®;
HYVAR X-L®; HYVAR X WEED KILLER®; HYVAR
X-WS®; ISOCIL®; KROVAR®; NALKIL®; ROUT®;
URAGAN®; URAGON®; UROX®; UROX B WATER
SOLUBLE CONCENTRATE WEED KILLER®; UROX
HX GRANULAR WEED KILLER®; WEED-BROOM®
(mixture of DSMA, Bromacil & 2,4-D)
mögliche Exposition
Used for general weed or brush control
in noncrop areas and primarily for the control of annual
and perennial grasses and broadleaf weeds, both nonselectively
on noncrop lands and selectively for weed-control in
a few crops (citrus and pineapple). A limit of 0.1 mg/kg of
agricultural products is set in several countries. Those
exposed will be those involved in manufacture, formulation,
and application.
Carcinogenicity
No evidence of carcinogenic
potential was seen in rats or dogs fed up to 1250 ppm
bromacil for 2 years. Bromacil was not oncogenic in
rats fed 50, 250, or 2500 ppm for 2 years. A marginal
increase in the incidence of hepatocellular neoplasms was
seen in mice fed 5000 ppm (but not 250 or 1250 ppm) for 18
months.
Stoffwechselwegen
The microorganism, a Pseudomonas sp. isolated from
soil by using bromacil as a sole source of carbon and
energy, shows a potential to decontaminate soil
samples fortified with bromacil under laboratory
conditions. The degradation pathways of bromacil by
the Pseudomonas sp. may include 5-bromouracil as
an intermediate which leads to 5-
bromodihydroxyluracil. Ozonization, UV photolysis,
and sensitized sunlight photodegradation of aqueous
bromacil solution lead to photodegradation products.
The ozonization yields three main products which are
identified as 3-sec-butyl-5-acetyl-5-hydroxyhydantoin,
3-sec-butylparabanic acid, and 3-sec-butyl-5,5-
dibromo-6-hydroxyuracil. The main products of
photoirradiation are 3-sec-butyl-6-methyluracil, its
dimeric compound, and 3-sec-butyl-5-acetyl-5-
hydroxyhydantoin.
Versand/Shipping
UN2811 Toxic solids, organic, n.o.s., Hazard
Class: 6.1; Labels: 6.1—Poisonous materials, Technical
Name Required.
Inkompatibilitäten
Incompatible with strong acids; oxidizers,
heat. Decomposes slowly in strong acids.
Waste disposal
Bromacil should be incinerated
in a unit operating @ 850° C equipped with gas scrubbing
equipment
Bromacil Upstream-Materialien And Downstream Produkte
Upstream-Materialien
Downstream Produkte
