Propan-1-ol Chemische Eigenschaften,Einsatz,Produktion Methoden
ERSCHEINUNGSBILD
KLARE, FARBLOSE FLüSSIGKEIT MIT CHARAKTERISTISCHEM GERUCH.
PHYSIKALISCHE GEFAHREN
Die Dämpfe mischen sich leicht mit Luft. Bildung explosionsfähiger Gemische.
CHEMISCHE GEFAHREN
Reagiert mit starken Oxidationsmitteln unter Feuer- und Explosionsgefahr. Greift einige Kunststoff- und Gummiarten an.
ARBEITSPLATZGRENZWERTE
TLV: 200 ppm (als TWA); 400 ppm (als STEL); Krebskategorie A3 (bestätigte krebserzeugende Wirkung beim Tier mit unbekannter Bedeutung für den Menschen); Beabsichtigte änderung (ACGIH 2005).
AUFNAHMEWEGE
Aufnahme in den Körper durch Inhalation der Dämpfe und durch Verschlucken.
INHALATIONSGEFAHREN
Beim Verdampfen bei 20°C tritt langsam eine gesundheitsschädliche Kontamination der Luft ein; viel schneller jedoch beim Versprühen oder Dispergieren.
WIRKUNGEN BEI KURZZEITEXPOSITION
WIRKUNGEN BEI KURZZEITEXPOSITION: Die Substanz reizt die Augen. Möglich sind Auswirkungen auf das Zentralnervensystem. Exposition gegenüber hohen Konzentrationen kann zu Bewusstlosigkeit führen.
WIRKUNGEN NACH WIEDERHOLTER ODER LANGZEITEXPOSITION
Die Flüssigkeit entfettet die Haut.
LECKAGE
Ausgelaufene Flüssigkeit vorsichtig neutralisieren. Zündquellen entfernen. Ausgelaufene Flüssigkeit möglichst in abdichtbaren Behältern sammeln. Reste mit Sand oder inertem Absorptionsmittel aufnehmen und an einen sicheren Ort bringen.
R-Sätze Betriebsanweisung:
R11:Leichtentzündlich.
R41:Gefahr ernster Augenschäden.
R67:Dämpfe können Schläfrigkeit und Benommenheit verursachen.
S-Sätze Betriebsanweisung:
S7:Behälter dicht geschlossen halten.
S16:Von Zündquellen fernhalten - Nicht rauchen.
S24:Berührung mit der Haut vermeiden.
S26:Bei Berührung mit den Augen sofort gründlich mit Wasser abspülen und Arzt konsultieren.
S39:Schutzbrille/Gesichtsschutz tragen.
Beschreibung
1-propanol is the compound with the hydrogen atom in the propane molecules being replaced by hydroxyl group. Because the hydroxyl group can substitute the hydrogen atoms contained in the carbons in the two terminals of carbon chain or middle carbon, thus generating two isomers, n-propyl alcohol and isopropyl alcohol.
The chemical property of the 1-propanol is similar to that of ethanol. It is the byproduct during the process of the methanol synthesis from carbon monoxide and hydrogen. At room temperature and normal pressure, it appears as colorless transparent liquid with fragrance odor. In industry, it is prepared through the reaction between ethylene, carbon monoxide and hydrogen under high pressure and cobalt catalysis; alternatively through the hydration of propylene under the action of sulfate or through the catalytic hydrogenation of acetone. It is commonly used as a solvent with irritating effect on the eyes and mucosa. Inhalation of propyl alcohol steam can lead to dizziness, headache and vomiting, etc.
Chemische Eigenschaften
1-Propanol is a clear, colorless liquid with an alcoholic odor and a characteristic ripe, fruity flavor. It is soluble in water and miscible with organic solvents (Propanols). It has better dissolution properties than ethanol for fats and oils, and dissolves polar resins in the same way as ethanol. Cellulose nitrate and poly(vinyl acetate) are, however, almost insoluble. For economic reasons propanol is of only limited use as a solvent, and is a starting material for esters.
Physikalische Eigenschaften
Colorless liquid with a mild, alcohol-like odor. Experimentally determined detection and
recognition odor threshold concentrations were <75 μg/m
3 (<31 ppb
v) and 200 μg/m
3 (81 ppb
v),
respectively (Hellman and Small, 1974). An odor threshold concentration of 100 ppb
v was
reported by Nagata and Takeuchi (1990).
Occurrence
Reported found in the natural aromas of apple, cognac and rum; also formed during alcoholic fermentation.
Also reported found in apple, apricot, banana, sweet cherry, papaya, pineapple, orange juice, lingonberry, cranberry, grapes, peas,
pineapple, raspberry, strawberry, onion, leek, tomato, ginger, vinegar, many cheeses, butter, fatty fish, fish oil, cooked beef, mutton
and pork, beer, several types of bread, pear brandy, Scotch blended whiskey, malt whiskey, cognac, armagnac, weinbrand rum, bourbon
whiskey, Irish whiskey, rum, grape wines, cider, sherry, cocoa, tea, roasted filberts and peanuts, honey, soybean, oats, passion
fruit, plum, beans, mushroom, apple and plum brandy, gin, rice, rice bran, quince, prickly pear, jackfruit, sake, buckwheat, loquat,
wild rice, anise brandy, endive, truffle, arrack, clam, cape gooseberry and Chinese quince.
Application
The propanols are used mainly as solvents for coatings; in antifreeze compositions and household and personal products; and as chemical intermediates for the production of esters, amines, and other organic derivatives. As a solvent, 1-propanol is used principally in printing inks, paint, cosmetics, pesticides, cellulose esters and insecticides.
1-Propanol is used commercially to produce glycol ethers. These are characterized by dual functionality, which imparts high solvency, chemical stability, and water compatibility.
Verwenden
1-Propanol is used in making n-propyl acetate; and as a solvent for waxes, resins, vegetable oils, and flexographic printing ink. It is produced from the fermentation and spoilage of vegetable matter.
synthetische
1-Propanol is produced commercially by the oxo process by reacting ethylene with carbon monoxide and hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst to give propionaldehyde, which is then hydrogenated. 1-Propanol [71-23-8] is the major product of catalytic reduction of propanal (→Propanols). Reduction is carried out most economically by a continuous vapor-phase process over a heterogeneous catalyst of supported reduced nickel, copper, and/or zinc and manganese metals.
Definition
ChEBI: 1-Propanol is the parent member of the class of propan-1-ols that is propane in which a hydrogen of one of the methyl groups is replaced by a hydroxy group. It has a role as a protic solvent and a metabolite. It is a short-chain primary fatty alcohol and a member of propan-1-ols.
Allgemeine Beschreibung
N-propanol appears as a clear colorless liquid with a sharp musty odor like rubbing alcohol. Flash point 53-77 °F. Autoignites at 700 °F. Vapors are heavier than air and mildly irritate the eyes, nose, and throat. Density approximately 6.5 lb / gal. Used in making cosmetics, skin and hair preparations, pharmaceuticals, perfumes, lacquer formulations, dye solutions, antifreezes, rubbing alcohols, soaps, window cleaners, acetone and other chemicals and products.
Air & Water Reaktionen
Highly flammable. Water soluble.
Reaktivität anzeigen
1-Propanol reacts with alkali metal, nitrides and strong reducing agents to give flammable and/or toxic gases. Reacts with oxoacids and carboxylic acids to form esters plus water. Converted by oxidizing agents to propanal or propionic acid. May initiate the polymerization of isocyanates and epoxides. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents .
Hazard
Flammable, dangerous fire risk. Explosive
limits in air 2–13%. Toxic by skin absorption. Eye
and upper respiratory tract irritant. Questionable
carcinogen.
Health Hazard
Target organs: skin, eyes, gastrointestinal tracts, and respiratory system. Toxic routes: ingestion, inhalation, and skin contact.
LD50 value, oral (rats): 5400 mg/kg (NIOSH1986)
LD50 value, skin (rabbits): 6700 mg/kg(NIOSH 1986)
Ingestion causes headache, drowsiness,abdominal cramps, gastrointestinal pain,ataxia, nausea, and diarrhea. Eye contactproduces irritation. It may cause dermatitison repeated skin contact. Although thetoxicity of 1-propanol is low, at a highconcentration it may produce a narcoticeffect, as well as irritation of the eyes, nose,and throat..
Brandgefahr
HIGHLY FLAMMABLE: Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames. Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air. Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back. Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks). Vapor explosion hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers. Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard. Containers may explode when heated. Many liquids are lighter than water.
Sicherheitsprofil
Poison by
subcutaneous route. Moderately toxic by
inhalation, ingestion, intraperitoneal, and
intravenous routes. A skin and severe eye
irritant. Questionable carcinogen with
experimental carcinogenic data. Mutation
data reported. A flammable liquid and
dangerous fire hazard when exposed to heat,
flame, or oxidizers. Explosive in the form of
vapor when exposed to heat or flame.
Ignites on contact with potassium-tert-
butoxide. Dangerous upon exposure to heat
or flame; can react vigorously with oxidizing materials. To fight fire, use alcohol foam,
CO2, dry chemical. When heated to
decomposition it emits acrid smoke and
irritating fumes.
mögliche Exposition
n-Propyl alcohol is used as as solvent
in lacquers, dopes; to make cosmetics; dental lotions; clea-
ners, polishes, and pharmaceuticals; as a surgical antiseptic.
It is a solvent for vegetable oils, natural gums and resins;
rosin, shellac, certain synthetic resins; ethylcellulose, and
butyral; as a degreasing agent; as a chemical intermediate.
Carcinogenicity
Eighteen Wistar rats were dosed
by oral gavage with 0.3 mL/kg twice weekly. The average
survival time was 570 days. In addition to severe liver injury
and hyperplasia of the hematopoietic parenchyma, 5 malignant
tumors (2 myeloid leukemias, 2 liver sarcomas, and 1 liver cell carcinoma) and 10 benign tumors were observed.
Three benign but no malignant tumors were found in the
controls given saline.
Environmental Fate
Biological. In activated sludge inoculum, following a 20-d adaptation period, 98.8% COD
removal was achieved. The average rate of biodegradation was 71.0 mg COD/g?h (Pitter, 1976).
Using the BOD technique to measure biodegradation, the mean 5-d BOD value (mM BOD/mM 1-
propanol) and ThOD were 2.70 and 60.0%, respectively (Vaishnav et al., 1987).
Photolytic. Reported rate constants for the reaction of 1-propanol and OH radicals in the atmosphere: 2.3 x 10
-12 cm
3/molecule?sec at 300 K (Hendry and Kenley, 1979); 2.3 x 10
-9
L/molecule?sec (second-order) at 292 K (Campbell et al., 1976), 5.33 x 10
-12 cm
3/molecule?sec at
296 K (Overend and Paraskevopoulos, 1978). Based on an atmospheric OH concentration of 1.0 x
106 molecule/cm
3, the reported half-life of 1-propanol is 1.5 d (Grosjean, 1997).
Chemical/Physical. At an influent concentration of 1,000 mg/L, treatment with GAC resulted in
an effluent concentration of 811 mg/L. The adsorbability of the carbon used was 38 mg/g carbon
(Guisti et al., 1974).
Versand/Shipping
UN1274, n-Propanol, Hazard Class: 3; Labels:
3-Flammable liquid.
Inkompatibilitäten
Vapors may form explosive mixture with
air. Incompatible with oxidizers (chlorates, nitrates, perox-
ides, permanganates, perchlorates, chlorine, bromine, fluo-
rine, etc.); contact may cause fires or explosions. Keep
away from alkaline materials, strong bases, strong acids,
oxoacids, epoxides. n-Propanol reacts with alkali metal,
nitrides and strong reducing agents to give flammable and/
or toxic gases. Reacts with oxoacids and carboxylic acids
to form esters plus water. Converted by oxidizing agents to
propanal or propionic acid. May initiate the polymerization
of isocyanates and epoxides
Waste disposal
Dissolve or mix the material
with a combustible solvent and burn in a chemical incinera-
tor equipped with an afterburner and scrubber. All federal,
state, and local environmental regulations must be
observed.
Propan-1-ol Upstream-Materialien And Downstream Produkte
Upstream-Materialien
Downstream Produkte
