二塩素酸カルシウム 化学特性,用途語,生産方法
化学的特性
Calcium chlorate forms white to yellow deliquescent crystals.
物理的性質
Calcium chlorate Ca(ClO3)2 is the chemical compound
formed from calcium and the chlorate anion. Like KClO3,
it is a strong oxidizer and can be used in pyrotechnic
formulations. Its molecular weight is 206.98 g/mol. Its solubility in water is 209 g/100 ml at 20°C. It is slightly
soluble in alcohol. Calcium chlorate has a melting point
of 325°C and its density is 2.71 g/cm3. Its CAS number
is 10017-74-3. A dihydrate, Ca(ClO3)2·2H2O, forms as
white monoclinic crystals, which are decomposed by
heating above 150°C. No structural data is available.
使用
Calcium chlorate has been used as an herbicide, like sodium chlorate. It is occasionally used in photography, dusting powder to kill poison ivy, pyrotechnics, as an oxidizer and pink flame colorant. Its hygroscopic nature and incompatibility with other common pyrotechnic materials (such as sulfur) limit its utility in these applications.
製造方法
Calcium chlorate can be prepared by the Liebig
process which is also used to prepare the alkali chlorates.
In Liebig’s process, chlorine is passed into milk of lime, at or above a temperature of 1000°C, the
apparent reaction being:
6Ca(OH)2＋ 6Cl2→5CaCl2＋ Ca(CIO3)2＋ 6H2O.
But this may comprise two minor reactions:
2Ca (OH)2＋ 2Cl2→CaCl2＋ Ca(OCl)2＋ 2H2O;
3Ca(OCI)2→2CaCl2＋ Ca(CIO3)2
This salt can also be prepared from calcium chloride
by an electrochemical method:
CaCl2 (aq)＋ 6H2O (aq)＋ e
-→Ca(ClO3)2＋ 6H2
using a platinum anode and a rotating stainless steel
cathode. Yields of the dihydrate up to 78% have been
achieved. The hydrogen produced can be “burned” to reform water.
一般的な説明
Calcium chlorate appears as a white crystalline solid. It forms a very flammable mixture with combustible materials and this mixture may be explosive if the combustible material is finely divided. The mixture can be ignited by friction. Contact with strong sulfuric acid can cause fires or explosions. When mixed with ammonium salts, spontaneous decomposition and ignition may result. Prolonged exposure of the material to fire or heat can result in an explosion. Calcium chlorate is used in photography, in pyrotechnics, and as a herbicide.
空気と水の反応
Water soluble.
反応プロフィール
An oxidizing agent. Liberates explosive chlorine dioxide gas in the presence of strong acid. Heating a moist mixture with a dibasic organic acid liberates chlorine dioxide and carbon dioxide. Mixtures with ammonium salts, powdered metals, silicon, sulfur, or sulfides are readily ignited and potentially explosive [Bretherick 1979 p. 806]. A combination with finely divided aluminum can explode by heat, percussion, or friction [Mellor 2:310 1946-47].
危険性
Oxidizer, dangerous fire risk, forms explo-
sive mixtures with combustible materials.
健康ハザード
Inhalation of dust causes irritation of upper respiratory system. Dust irritates eyes and skin. Ingestion causes abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, pallor, shortness of breath, unconsciousness.
火災危険
Behavior in Fire: When involved in a fire, may cause an explosion. Irritating gases may be generated when heated.
安全性プロファイル
Moderately toxic by
ingestion and intraperitoneal routes. A
powerful oxidant. Incompatible with Al, As,
C, Cu, charcoal, MnO2, metal sulfides, S,
dibasic organic acids, organic matter, P.
When heated to decomposition it emits
toxic fumes of Cl-. See also CHLORATES
for fire, disaster, and explosion hazards.
職業ばく露
Calcium chlorate is used in making
fireworks, herbicides (weed killers) and in photography.
Incompatibilities: A strong oxidizer. Reacts, possibly with
risk of fire and explosion, with acids (especially organic
acids), reducing agents; aluminum, arsenic, chemically
active metals; combustible materials; ammonium compounds; charcoal, copper, cyanides; manganese dioxide,
metal sulfides; phosphorus, sulfur
輸送方法
UN1452 Calcium chlorate, Hazard Class: 5.1;
Labels: 5.1-Oxidizer. UN2429 Calcium chlorate, aqueous
solution, Hazard Class: 5.1; Labels: 5.1-Oxidizer
不和合性
Calcium chlorate is used in making
fireworks, herbicides (weed killers) and in photography.
Incompatibilities: A strong oxidizer. Reacts, possibly with
risk of fire and explosion, with acids (especially organic
acids), reducing agents; aluminum, arsenic, chemically
active metals; combustible materials; ammonium compounds; charcoal, copper, cyanides; manganese dioxide,
metal sulfides; phosphorus, sulfur
廃棄物の処理
For barium chlorate, the
UN recommends using a vast volume of a reducing
agent (bisulfites, ferrous salts or hypo) followed by neutralization and flushing to the sewer with abundant water. This
should be applicable here as well.
二塩素酸カルシウム 上流と下流の製品情報
原材料
準備製品