ヨードシアニド 化学特性,用途語,生産方法
解説
ヨウ化シアン．シアン化ヨウ素(iodine cyanide)，ヨードシアン(iodocyanogen)ともいう．シアン化ナトリウムまたはシアン化カリウム水溶液とヨウ素との反応で得られる．白色の三方晶系針状結晶．I-C≡N直線形分子．C-I約1.96 Å，C-N約1.16 Å．融点146～147 ℃(封管中)．開放では146 ℃ で昇華する．水，アルコール類，エーテルに可溶．殺虫，殺菌剤，とくに昆虫のはく製製作用の保存剤に用いられる．
化学的特性
Iodine cyanide (cyanogen iodide) appears as light pink crystalline or brown-coloured powder and is soluble in water. It is stable but sensitive to light. It is incompatible with strong acids, strong bases, and strong oxidising agents. Cyanogen iodide decomposes on contact with acids, bases, and ammonia alcohols and on heating producing toxic gases including hydrogen cyanide. It reacts with carbon dioxide or slowly with water to produce hydrogen cyanide.
使用
Generally for destroying all lower forms of life. In taxidermy for preserving insects, butterflies, etc.
一般的な説明
White needles with a very pungent odor. Used in taxidermists' preservatives and generally for destroying all lower forms of life. Toxic by inhalation or ingestion.
空気と水の反応
Water soluble.
反応プロフィール
Phosphorus(molten) plus CYANOGEN IODIDE reacts with incandescence to produce phosphorus iodide, [NFPA 491M, 1991]. Benzene and cyanogen halides yield HCl as a byproduct (Hagedorn, F. H. Gelbke, and Federal Republic of Germany. 2002. Nitriles. In Ullman Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA.).
健康ハザード
Cyanogen bromide is a highly poisonous substance. Toxic routes are oral intake and skin absorption. Acute toxic symptoms on test animals were convulsion, paralysis, and respiratory failure. Ingestion of a 5-g amount could be fatal to humans.
LDLo value, oral (cats): 18 mg/kg
LDLo value, subcutaneous (dogs): 19 mg/kg
Cyanogen iodide is an irritant to skin.
火災危険
When heated to decomposition, CYANOGEN IODIDE emits very toxic fumes of nitrogen oxides, cyanide, and iodide. Avoid phosphorus.
安全性プロファイル
A poison by ingestion
and subcutaneous routes. Violent reaction
with P. See other cyanogen entries;
CYANIDE and IOdiDES. When heated to
decomposition it emits very toxic fumes of
NOx, CN-, and I-
職業ばく露
Reacts slowly with water releasing
hydrogen cyanide. Incompatible with phosphorus (molten);
reacts with incandescence to produce phosphorus
iodide
. Contact with alcohols, acids, ammonia,
carbon dioxide or alkaline material and bases produces
toxic gases including hydrogen cyanide. Incompatible with
nitriles.
輸送方法
UN2928 Toxic solids, corrosive, organic, n.o.s.,
Hazard Class: 6.1; Labels: 6.1-Poisonous materials,
8-Corrosive material, Technical Name Required. UN3290
Toxic solid, corrosive, inorganic, n.o.s., Hazard class: 6.1;
Labels: 6.1-Poisonous materials, 8-Corrosive material.
UN1588 Cyanides, inorganic, solid, n.o.s., Hazard Class:
6.1; Labels: 6.1-Poisonous materials
純化方法
This compound is POISONOUS, and the precautions for cyanogen bromide (above) apply here. The reagent (ca 5.9g) is dissolved in boiling CHCl3 (15mL), filtered through a plug of glass wool into a 25mL Erlenmeyer flask. Cool to room temperature for 15minutes, then place it in an ice-salt bath and cool to -10o. This cooling causes a small aqueous layer to separate as ice. The ice is filtered with the CNI, but melts on the filter and is also removed with the CHCl3 used as washing liquid. The CNI which is collected on a sintered glass funnel is washed 3x with CHCl3 (1.5mL at 0o) and freed from last traces of solvent by placing it on a watch glass and exposing it to the atmosphere in a good fume cupboard at room temperature for 1hour to give colourless needles (ca 4.5g), m 146-147o (sealed capillary totally immersed in the oil bath). The yield depends slightly on the rapidity of the operation; in this way loss by sublimation can be minimised. If desired, it can be sublimed under reduced pressure at temperatures at which CNI is only slowly decomposed into I2 and (CN)2. The vacuum will need to be renewed constantly due to the volatility of CNI. [Bak & Hillebert Org Synth Coll Vol IV 207 1963.]
不和合性
Reacts slowly with water releasing
hydrogen cyanide. Incompatible with phosphorus (molten);
reacts with incandescence to produce phosphorus
iodide
. Contact with alcohols, acids, ammonia,
carbon dioxide or alkaline material and bases produces
toxic gases including hydrogen cyanide. Incompatible with
nitriles.
廃棄物の処理
A suitable method for destroying cyanogen iodide may consist of treatment with caustic soda, followed by adding sodium hypochlorite (laundry bleach) to oxidize the cyanide to nontoxic cyanate.
ヨードシアニド 上流と下流の製品情報
原材料
準備製品