硫酸水素ニトロシル 化学特性,用途語,生産方法
解説
硫酸水素ニトロシル,無色の斜方晶系イオン結晶．融点73.5 ℃(分解)．濃硫酸に可溶．乾いた空気中では安定である．湿気または水で分解して，硫酸と，硝酸(50 ℃ 以下)または窒素酸化物(50 ℃ 以上)になる．
森北出版「化学辞典（第2版）
用途
硫酸水素ニトロシル,粉砕した穀物の漂白などに用いられる．
製造
硫酸水素ニトロシル,以前から硫酸の鉛室法による製造過程での中間生成物として得られ，鉛室結晶(chamber crystal)とよばれていた．濃硫酸にN2O3(NOとNO2の等モル混合物)を作用させるか，発煙硝酸にSO2を作用させると得られる．NO＋は常磁性のNOのπ電子が容易に失われて発生する．
化学的特性
Nitrosylsulfuric acid, HNO
5S, is a straw-colored, oily liquid furnished as a 40% solution in 87% sulfuric acid,and stable at room temperature. It is used as a diazotizing agent for dyes,chemical intermediate, drugs and pharmaceuticals.
物理的性質
Nitrosylsulfuric acid is produced as an intermediate in the manufacture of sulfuric acid using the lead chamber process by the reaction of sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, oxygen, and water.
Nitrosylsulfuric acid also is made from absorption of nitrogen oxides (NO
x) in oleum (fuming sulfuric acid):
N
2O
3 + 2H
2SO
4 → 2ONSO
4 + H
2O
or by the reaction of nitrosyl chloride with concentrated sulfuric acid:
ClNO + H
2SO
4 → ONSO
4 + HCl
Another method of preparation involves the reaction of nitrosyl bromide with silver bisulfate:
AgHSO
4 + BrNO → ONHSO
4 + AgBr
In making disperse azo dyes, nitrosylsulfuric acid is produced by the addition of sodium nitrite, NaNO
2, to concentrated sulfuric acid (1g NaNO
2 per 13 g H
2SO
4).
使用
Nitrosylsulfuric acid is used for diazotisation, nitrosation, oxidation and oximation reactions. Product Data Sheet
一般的な説明
Shipped in solution with sulfuric acid (solutions are usually 40% Nitrosylsulfuric acid and 54% sulfuric acid (Hawley)). Solution is a straw-colored oily liquid with a sharp odor. When pure, a crystalline solid decomposing at 73°C. Very irritating to skin and eyes. Used to make dyes and other chemicals.
反応プロフィール
Nitrosylsulfuric acid is an oxidizing agent. Neutralizes chemical bases in exothermic reactions. An attempt to diazotize dinitroaniline using Nitrosylsulfuric acid resulted in an explosion with loss of life. The event was blamed on the high concentration of the reactants dinitroaniline hydrochloride and Nitrosylsulfuric acid [MCA Case History 1763. 1971].
危険性
Strong irritant to skin and mucous membranes.
健康ハザード
TOXIC; inhalation, ingestion or contact (skin, eyes) with vapors, dusts or substance may cause severe injury, burns or death. Reaction with water or moist air will release toxic, corrosive or flammable gases. Reaction with water may generate much heat that will increase the concentration of fumes in the air. Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution.
火災危険
Non-combustible, substance itself does not burn but may decompose upon heating to produce corrosive and/or toxic fumes. Vapors may accumulate in confined areas (basement, tanks, hopper/tank cars etc.). Substance will react with water (some violently), releasing corrosive and/or toxic gases and runoff. Contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas. Containers may explode when heated or if contaminated with water.
安全性プロファイル
A poison. A corrosive
irritant to skin, eyes, and mucous
membranes. Explosive reaction above 50°C
with 2-chloro-4,6-dinitroaniline and 4-
chloro-2,6-d1nitroalne. Potentially
explosive reaction with dmitroaniline. When
heated to decomposition it emits toxic
fumes of SOx and NOx. See also
SULFATES and NITRATES.
硫酸水素ニトロシル 上流と下流の製品情報
原材料
準備製品