四臭化炭素 化学特性,用途語,生産方法
外観
白色の結晶
溶解性
水に不溶, エタノール, アセトンに易溶。
解説
CBr4(331.63)．CHBr3またはCS2に臭化ヨウ素を作用させて得られる．四臭化炭素は，淡黄色の固体で2形がある．α形は単斜晶系．融点90 ℃，沸点189 ℃(やや分解する)．密度2.96 g cm－3(99.5 ℃)．β形は立方晶系結晶．融点94.3 ℃．転移点46.7 ℃．正四面体構造で，原子間距離C-Br0.1942 nm．エタノール，エーテル，クロロホルムに可溶，水に不溶．有機合成の臭素化剤，半導体基板のエッチング剤，写真材料の製造などに用いられる．森北出版「化学辞典（第2版）
用途
有機合成原料、電子工業材料。
用途
有機合成中間体 感光性物質用
説明
Carbon tetrabromide is considered a highly toxic chemical,
may be fatal if inhaled, swallowed, or absorbed through skin.
It is metabolized in vitro to produce carbon monoxide but
the in vivo significance has not been established. Under
anaerobic reducing conditions it forms complexes with
ferrous cytochrome P450. Carbon monoxide is detected as
a metabolic product of the interaction. Carbon tetrabromide’s
production and use in organic syntheses may
result in its release to the environment through various waste
streams. Carbon tetrabromide has been isolated from red
algae, Asparagopsis toxiformis, found in the ocean near Hawaii.
It was detected in water from treated chlorinated seawater
used for drinking at oil platforms. Occupational exposure to
carbon tetrabromide may occur through inhalation and
dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where it is
produced or used. The general population may be exposed to
carbon tetrabromide via ingestion of drinking water. Acute
exposures to high concentrations may cause upper respiratory
tract irritation and injury to lungs, liver (hepatotoxicity)
and kidneys (nephrotoxicity). Chronic exposure effects at
very low levels will be almost entirely limited to liver injury.
It is a potent lachrymator even at low exposure concentrations.
Although carbon tetrabromide may release bromine
ions during metabolism, clinical bromism is not expected to
occur.
化学的特性
Carbon tetrabromide, is a colorless powder,
white crystalline solid, or yellow-brown crystals. Slight
odor
使用
Carbon tetrabromide is used to a limited extent as a chemical
intermediate. It has been isolated from red algae, Asparagopsis
toxiformis, found in the ocean near Hawaii.
定義
ChEBI: A one-carbon compound substituted by 4 bromo groups.
一般的な説明
A colorless crystalline solid. Much more dense than water and insoluble in water. Toxic by ingestion. Vapors are narcotic in high concentration. Used to make other chemicals.
空気と水の反応
Insoluble in water.
反応プロフィール
Carbon tetrabromide is incompatible with the following: Strong oxidizers, hexacyclohexyldilead, lithium .
危険性
A poison; narcotic in high concentration.
Liver damage, eye, skin, and upper respiratory tract
irritant.
健康ハザード
Highly toxic, may be fatal if inhaled, swallowed or absorbed through skin. Avoid any skin contact. Effects of contact or inhalation may be delayed. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution.
火災危険
Non-combustible, substance itself does not burn but may decompose upon heating to produce corrosive and/or toxic fumes. Containers may explode when heated. Runoff may pollute waterways.
安全性プロファイル
Poison by
subcutaneous and intravenous routes.
Narcotic in high concentration. Mixture
with Li particles is an impact-sensitive
explosive. Explodes on contact with
hexacyclohexylddead. When heated to
decomposition it emits toxic fumes of Br-.
See also CHLORINATED
HYDROCARBONS, ALIPHATIC.
職業ばく露
CBr4 is used in organic synthesis.
環境運命予測
Carbon tetrabromide inhibits protein synthesis and causes
lipid peroxidation, both of which may be involved in cell injury
or death mediated by free radicals.
輸送方法
UN2516 Carbon tetrabromide, Hazard Class:
6.1; Labels: 6.1-Poisonous materials.
純化方法
Reactive bromide is removed from CBr4 by refluxing with dilute aqueous Na2CO3, then steam distilling, crystallising from EtOH, and drying in the dark under vacuum. [Sharpe & Walker J Chem Soc 157 1962.] It can be sublimed at 70o and low pressure. [Beilstein 1 IV 85.]
不和合性
Incompatible with oxidizers (chlorates,
nitrates, peroxides, permanganates, perchlorates, chlorine,
bromine, fluorine, etc.); contact may cause fires or explosions. Keep away from alkaline materials, strong bases,
strong acids, oxoacids, epoxides, lithium and hexacyclohexyldiilead, since violent reactions may occur.
廃棄物の処理
Purify by distillation and
return to suppliers.
四臭化炭素 上流と下流の製品情報
原材料
準備製品