m-Xylol Chemische Eigenschaften,Einsatz,Produktion Methoden
ERSCHEINUNGSBILD
FARBLOSE FLüSSIGKEIT MIT CHARAKTERISTISCHEM GERUCH.
PHYSIKALISCHE GEFAHREN
Fließen, Schütten o.ä. kann zu elektrostatischer Aufladung führen.
CHEMISCHE GEFAHREN
Reagiert mit starken Säurenund starken Oxidationsmitteln.
ARBEITSPLATZGRENZWERTE
TLV: 100 ppm (als TWA); 150 ppm (als STEL); Krebskategorie A4 (nicht klassifizierbar als krebserzeugend für den Menschen); BEI vorhanden; (ACGIH 2005).
MAK: (alle Isomeren) 100 ppm, 440 mg/m? Spitzenbegrenzung: überschreitungsfaktor II(2); Hautresorption; Schwangerschaft: Gruppe D; (DFG 2008).
EG Arbeitsplatz-Richtgrenzwerte: 50 ppm (als TWA); 100 ppm (als STEL); Hautresorption; (EU 2004).
AUFNAHMEWEGE
Aufnahme in den Körper durch Inhalation, über die Haut und durch Verschlucken.
INHALATIONSGEFAHREN
Beim Verdampfen bei 20 °C tritt langsam eine gesundheitsschädliche Kontamination der Luft ein.
WIRKUNGEN BEI KURZZEITEXPOSITION
WIRKUNGEN BEI KURZZEITEXPOSITION: Die Substanz reizt die Augen und die Haut. Möglich sind Auswirkungen auf das Zentralnervensystem. Verschlucken kann zur Aufnahme in der Lunge führen; Gefahr der Aspirationspneumonie.
WIRKUNGEN NACH WIEDERHOLTER ODER LANGZEITEXPOSITION
Die Flüssigkeit entfettet die Haut. Möglich sind Auswirkungen auf das Zentralnervensystem. Tierversuche zeigen, dass die Substanz möglicherweise fruchtbarkeitsschädigend oder entwicklungsschädigend wirken kann.
LECKAGE
Belüftung. Zündquellen entfernen. Ausgelaufene Flüssigkeit möglichst in abdichtbaren Behältern sammeln. Reste mit Sand oder inertem Absorptionsmittel aufnehmen und an einen sicheren Ort bringen. NICHT in die Umwelt gelangen lassen. Persönliche Schutzausrüstung: Atemschutzfilter für organische Gase und Dämpfe.
R-Sätze Betriebsanweisung:
R10:Entzündlich.
R20/21:Gesundheitsschädlich beim Einatmen und bei Berührung mit der Haut.
R38:Reizt die Haut.
R39/23/24/25:Giftig: ernste Gefahr irreversiblen Schadens durch Einatmen, Berührung mit der Haut und durch Verschlucken.
R23/24/25:Giftig beim Einatmen, Verschlucken und Berührung mit der Haut.
R11:Leichtentzündlich.
R36/38:Reizt die Augen und die Haut.
S-Sätze Betriebsanweisung:
S25:Berührung mit den Augen vermeiden.
S45:Bei Unfall oder Unwohlsein sofort Arzt zuziehen (wenn möglich, dieses Etikett vorzeigen).
S36/37:Bei der Arbeit geeignete Schutzhandschuhe und Schutzkleidung tragen.
S16:Von Zündquellen fernhalten - Nicht rauchen.
S7:Behälter dicht geschlossen halten.
Chemische Eigenschaften
Xylene exists in three isomeric forms, ortho-,
meta-, and para-xylene. Commercial xylene is a mixture of
these three isomers and may also contain ethylbenzene as
well as small amounts of toluene, trimethylbenzene, phenol,
thiophene, pyridine, and other nonaromatic hydrocarbons.
m-Xylene is predominant in commercial xylene.
Physikalische Eigenschaften
Clear, colorless, watery liquid with a sweet, aromatic odor. An odor threshold concentration of 48
ppbv was reported by Nagata and Takeuchi (1990).
Verwenden
m-Xylene is used in the production of isophthalic acid, which is a monomer and utilized in preparation of polyethylene terephthalate. It is used as an important starting material in the production of 2,4- and 2,6-xylidine. It is used as solvent in histology.
Definition
ChEBI: A xylene carrying methyl groups at positions 1 and 3.
Allgemeine Beschreibung
A colorless watery liquid with a sweet odor. Less dense than water. Insoluble in water. Irritating vapor.
Air & Water Reaktionen
Highly flammable. Insoluble in water.
Reaktivität anzeigen
m-Xylene may react with oxidizing materials. .
Health Hazard
Vapors cause headache and dizziness. Liquid irritates eyes and skin. If taken into lungs, causes severe coughing, distress, and rapidly developing pulmonary edema. If ingested, causes nausea, vomiting, cramps, headache, and coma; can be fatal. Kidney and liver damage can occur.
Brandgefahr
Behavior in Fire: Vapor is heavier than air and may travel considerable distance to a source of ignition and flash back.
Chemische Reaktivität
Reactivity with Water No reaction; Reactivity with Common Materials: No reaction; Stability During Transport: Stable; Neutralizing Agents for Acids and Caustics: Not pertinent; Polymerization: Not pertinent; Inhibitor of Polymerization: Not pertinent.
Sicherheitsprofil
Moderately toxic by
intraperitoneal route. Wdly toxic by
ingestion, skin contact, and inhalation. An
experimental teratogen. Human systemic
effects by inhalation: motor activity changes,
ataxia, and irritabihty. Experimental
reproductive effects. A severe skin irritant.
A common air contaminant. A very
dangerous fire hazard when exposed to heat
or flame; can react with oxidzing materials.
Explosive in the form of vapor when
exposed to heat or flame. To fight fire, use
foam, CO2, dry chemical. Emitted from
modern building materials (CENEAR
69,22,91). When heated to decomposition it
emits acrid smoke and irritating fumes. See
also other xylene entries.
mögliche Exposition
Xylene is used as a solvent; as a constituent
of paint, lacquers, varnishes, inks, dyes, adhesives,
cements, cleaning fluids, and aviation fuels; and as a chemical
feed-stock for xylidines, benzoic acid; phthalic anhydride;
isophthalic, and terephthalic acids; as well as their
esters (which are specifically used in the manufacture
of plastic materials and synthetic textile fabrics). Xylene
is also used in the manufacture of quartz crystal oscillators,
hydrogen peroxide; perfumes, insect repellants; epoxy
resins; pharmaceuticals; and in the leather industry.
m-Xylene is used as an intermediate in preparation of isophthalic
acid; o-xylene is used in manufacture of phthalic
anhydride and in pharmaceutical and insecticide synthesis.
p-xylene is used in pharmaceutical and insecticide synthesis
and in production of polyester.
Versand/Shipping
UN1307 Xylenes, Hazard Class: 3; Labels:
3-Flammable liquid.
läuterung methode
The general purification methods listed under xylene are applicable. The o-and p-isomers can be removed by their selective oxidation when a m-xylene sample containing them is boiled with dilute HNO3 (one part conc acid to three parts water). After washing with water and alkali, the product can be steam distilled, collected as for o-xylene, then distilled and purified further by sulfonation. [Clarke & Taylor J Am Chem Soc 45 831 1923.] m-Xylene is selectively sulfonated when a mixture of xylenes is refluxed with the theoretical amount of 50-70% H2SO4 at 85-95o under reduced pressure. By using a still resembling a Dean and Stark apparatus, water in the condensate can be progressively withdrawn while the xylene is returned to the reaction vessel. After cooling, then adding water, unreacted xylenes are distilled off under reduced pressure. The m-xylene sulfonic acid is subsequently hydrolysed by steam distillation up to 140o, the free m-xylene is washed, dried with silica gel and again distilled. It is stored over molecular sieves Linde type 4A. [Beilstein 5 H 370, 5 I 182, 5 II 287, 5 III 823, 5 IV 932.]
Inkompatibilitäten
Vapor may form explosive mixture
with air. Incompatible with oxidizers (chlorates, nitrates,
peroxides, permanganates, perchlorates, chlorine, bromine,
fluorine, etc.); contact may cause fires or explosions. Keep
away from alkaline materials, strong bases, strong acids,
oxoacids, and epoxides. Electrostatic charges can be
generated from agitation or flow.
Waste disposal
Consult with environmental
regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal
practices. Generators of waste containing this contaminant
(≥100 kg/mo) must conform with EPA regulations governing
storage, transportation, treatment, and waste disposal.
Incineration.
m-Xylol Upstream-Materialien And Downstream Produkte
Upstream-Materialien
Downstream Produkte
3,5-Xylenol
N-(2,4-Dimethylphenyl)-N'-methylformamidinmonohydrochlorid
o-Xylol
p-Xylol
5-tert-Butyl-m-xylol
5-tert-Butyl-2,4,6-trinitro-m-xylol
2',4'-Dimethylacetophenon
Isophthalsure
4-BROMO-3-METHYLBENZAMIDE
α-Chlor-m-xylol
Isophthalsäuredinitril
Chlorothalonil
2,6-Dicyano-4-Nitroaniline
m-Toluylsure
1,4-Bis(trichlormethyl)benzol
4-Nitro-m-xylol
2-Nitro-m-xylol
Methyl-N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-N-(methoxyacetyl)-DL-alaninat
α,α,α,β,β,β-Hexafluor-m-xylol
Benzol-1,2:4,5-tetracarbonsaeuredianhydrid
4'-tert-Butyl-2',6'-dimethyl-3',5'-dinitroacetophenon
2,4-Xylenol
Methoxymethylisocyanat
4-TERT-BUTYL-2,6-DIMETHYL BENZYL ACETATE
2,4-Xylidin
1,2,4,5-Tetramethylbenzol
2,6-Xylidin
2-(Chlormethyl)-5-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-m-xylol
4-tert-Butyl-3-hydroxy-2,6-xylylacetonitril
Diphenylisophthalat
N-Methylbis(2,4-xylyliminomethyl)-amin
Meclofenoxat
