Dodecane Chemische Eigenschaften,Einsatz,Produktion Methoden
R-Sätze Betriebsanweisung:
R65:Gesundheitsschädlich: kann beim Verschlucken Lungenschäden verursachen.
R66:Wiederholter Kontakt kann zu spröder oder rissiger Haut führen.
S-Sätze Betriebsanweisung:
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S60:Dieses Produkt und sein Behälter sind als gefährlicher Abfall zu entsorgen.
S36:DE: Bei der Arbeit geeignete Schutzkleidung tragen.
Chemische Eigenschaften
Dodecane, C12H26, is a flammable, colorless liquid with
specific gravity 0.749. It occurs in the paraffin fraction of
petroleum. Dodecane is released to the environment by
wastewater and spills from laboratory and general use of
paraffins, petroleum oils, and tars.
Physikalische Eigenschaften
Clear, colorless liquid with a mild aliphatic hydrocarbon odor. An odor threshold concentration of
620 ppb
v was reported by Nagata and Takeuchi (1990).
Verwenden
Dodecane is a component of
gasoline and is used as solvent, in organic synthesis, in jet
fuel research, as a distillation chaser, and in the rubber and
paper processing industries.
Vorbereitung Methode
Dodecane is isolated from the kerosene and gas oil fractions
of crude oil by selective adsorption and subsequent desorption
to yield mixtures of paraffins that can be separated by
fractional distillation.
Definition
ChEBI: A straight-chain alkane with 12 carbon atoms. It has been form the essential oils of various plants including Zingiber officinale (ginger).
Allgemeine Beschreibung
Clear colorless liquid.
Air & Water Reaktionen
Flammable. Insoluble in water.
Reaktivität anzeigen
Saturated aliphatic hydrocarbons, such as Dodecane, may be incompatible with strong oxidizing agents like nitric acid. Charring of the hydrocarbon may occur followed by ignition of unreacted hydrocarbon and other nearby combustibles. In other settings, aliphatic saturated hydrocarbons are mostly unreactive. They are not affected by aqueous solutions of acids, alkalis, most oxidizing agents, and most reducing agents. When heated sufficiently or when ignited in the presence of air, oxygen or strong oxidizing agents, they burn exothermically to produce carbon dioxide and water.
Brandgefahr
Dodecane is combustible.
Carcinogenicity
Dodecane has been shown to be
a promoter of skin carcinogenesis for benzo[a]pyrene and
ultraviolet radiation.
Environmental Fate
Biological. Dodecane may biodegrade in two ways. The first is the formation of dodecyl
hydroperoxide which decomposes to 1-dodecanol. The alcohol is oxidized forming dodecanoic
acid. The other pathway involves dehydrogenation to 1-dodecene, which may react with water,
giving 1-dodecanol (Dugan, 1972).
Estimated half-lives of dodecane (0.3 μg/L) from an experimental marine mesocosm during the
spring (8–16 °C), summer (20–22 °C), and winter (3–7 °C) were 1.1, 0.7, and 3.6 d, respectively
(Wakeham et al., 1983).
Chemical/Physical. Complete combustion in air yields carbon dioxide and water. Dodecane will
not hydrolyze because it has no hydrolyzable functional group.
läuterung methode
Pass it through a column of Linde type 13X molecular sieves. Store it in contact with, and distil it from sodium. Pass through a column of activated silica gel. It has been crystallised from diethyl ether at -60o. Unsaturated dry material which remained after passage through silica gel has been removed by catalytic hydrogenation (Pt2O) at 45lb/in2 (3.06 atmospheres), followed by fractional distillation under reduced pressure [Zook & Goldey J Am Chem Soc 75 3975 1953]. It has also purified by partial crystallisation from the melt. [Beilstein 1 IV 498.]
Dodecane Upstream-Materialien And Downstream Produkte
Upstream-Materialien
Downstream Produkte
