Trisodium citrate dihydrate Chemische Eigenschaften,Einsatz,Produktion Methoden
ERSCHEINUNGSBILD
WEISSER FESTSTOFF IN VERSCHIEDENEN FORMEN.
CHEMISCHE GEFAHREN
Schwache Base in wässriger Lösung.
ARBEITSPLATZGRENZWERTE
TLV nicht festgelegt (ACGIH 2005).
MAK: IIb (nicht festgelegt, aber Informationen vorhanden) (DFG 2005).
AUFNAHMEWEGE
Aufnahme in den Körper durch Inhalation des Aerosols und durch Verschlucken.
INHALATIONSGEFAHREN
Verdampfen bei 20°C vernachlässigbar; eine belästigende Partikelkonzentration in der Luft kann jedoch beim Dispergieren schnell erreicht werden.
WIRKUNGEN BEI KURZZEITEXPOSITION
WIRKUNGEN BEI KURZZEITEXPOSITION: Die Substanz reizt die Augen und die Atemwege.
LECKAGE
Verschüttetes Material in Behältern sammeln; falls erforderlich durch Anfeuchten Staubentwicklung verhindern. Reste mit viel Wasser wegspülen.
R-Sätze Betriebsanweisung:
R37/38:Reizt die Atmungsorgane und die Haut.
R41:Gefahr ernster Augenschäden.
R36/37/38:Reizt die Augen, die Atmungsorgane und die Haut.
S-Sätze Betriebsanweisung:
S26:Bei Berührung mit den Augen sofort gründlich mit Wasser abspülen und Arzt konsultieren.
S36/37/39:Bei der Arbeit geeignete Schutzkleidung,Schutzhandschuhe und Schutzbrille/Gesichtsschutz tragen.
S24/25:Berührung mit den Augen und der Haut vermeiden.
S36:DE: Bei der Arbeit geeignete Schutzkleidung tragen.
Chemische Eigenschaften
white powder or colourless crystals
Verwenden
Trisodium citrate dihydrate, is widely applied in food, beverages and fillers as a buffering, sequestering or an emulsifying agent. It used as an anticoagulant in blood transfusions, osmotic laxative, functional fluids, solvents cleaning, furnishing care products, laundry dishwashing products and cleaning automobile radiators.
Definition
ChEBI: The dihydrate of trisodium citrate.
Vorbereitung Methode
Sodium citrate is prepared by adding sodium carbonate to a
solution of citric acid until effervescence ceases. The resulting
solution is filtered and evaporated to dryness.
Allgemeine Beschreibung
Sodium citrate tribasic dihydrate is the tribasic dihydrate sodium salt of citric acid.
Pharmazeutische Anwendungen
Sodium citrate, as either the dihydrate or anhydrous material, is
widely used in pharmaceutical formulations.
It is used in food products, primarily to adjust the pH of
solutions. It is also used as a sequestering agent. The anhydrous
material is used in effervescent tablet formulations. Sodium citrate
is additionally used as a blood anticoagulant either alone or in
combination with other citrates such as disodium hydrogen citrate.
Therapeutically, sodium citrate is used to relieve the painful
irritation caused by cystitis, and also to treat dehydration and
acidosis due to diarrhea.
Biologische Aktivität
Commonly used laboratory reagent
Sicherheit(Safety)
After ingestion, sodium citrate is absorbed and metabolized to
bicarbonate. Although it is generally regarded as a nontoxic and
nonirritant excipient, excessive consumption may cause gastrointestinal
discomfort or diarrhea. Therapeutically, in adults, up to
15 g daily of sodium citrate dihydrate may be administered orally, in
divided doses, as an aqueous solution to relieve the painful irritation
caused by cystitis.
Citrates and citric acid enhance intestinal aluminum absorption
in renal patients, which may lead to increased, harmful serum
aluminum levels. It has therefore been suggested that patients with
renal failure taking aluminum compounds to control phosphate
absorption should not be prescribed citrate- or citric acid-containing
products.
Lager
Sodium citrate dihydrate is a stable material. Aqueous solutions
may be sterilized by autoclaving. On storage, aqueous solutions may cause the separation of small, solid particles from glass
containers.
The bulk material should be stored in an airtight container in a
cool, dry place.
läuterung methode
Crystallise the salt from warm water by cooling to 0o. [Beilstein 3 III 1100, 3 IV 1274.]
Inkompatibilitäten
Aqueous solutions are slightly alkaline and will react with acidic
substances. Alkaloidal salts may be precipitated from their aqueous
or hydro-alcohol solutions. Calcium and strontium salts will cause
precipitation of the corresponding citrates. Other incompatibilities
include bases, reducing agents, and oxidizing agents.
Regulatory Status
GRAS listed. Accepted for use as a food additive in Europe.
Included in the FDA Inactive Ingredients Database (inhalations;
injections; ophthalmic products; oral solutions, suspensions, syrups
and tablets; nasal, otic, rectal, topical, transdermal, and vaginal preparations). Included in nonparenteral and parenteral medicines
licensed in the UK. Included in the Canadian List of Acceptable
Non-medicinal Ingredients.
Trisodium citrate dihydrate Upstream-Materialien And Downstream Produkte
Upstream-Materialien
Downstream Produkte
