Potassium perchlorate
- CAS No.
- 7778-74-7
- Chemical Name:
- Potassium perchlorate
- Synonyms
- KClO4;Perchloracap;Kaliumperchlorat;Irenat;Irenal;ON-1489;Periodin;Astrumal;Peroidin;Potassium perchlorat
- CBNumber:
- CB6854320
- Molecular Formula:
- ClKO4
Crystal structure
- Molecular Weight:
- 138.55
- MDL Number:
- MFCD00011362
- MOL File:
- 7778-74-7.mol
- MSDS File:
- SDS
- TDS File:
- TDS
| Melting point | 400 °C (dec.)(lit.) |
|---|---|
| Boiling point | 400°C |
| Density | 2.52 |
| bulk density | 1150kg/m3 |
| vapor density | 4.8 (vs air) |
| vapor pressure | 0Pa at 25℃ |
| storage temp. | Store at +5°C to +30°C. |
| solubility | H2O: 0.1 M at 20 °C, clear, colorless |
| form | Powder |
| Specific Gravity | 2.52 |
| color | Clear colorless to slightly yellow |
| PH | 5.0 (10g/l, H2O, 25℃) |
| Odor | Odorless |
| PH Range | 5.0 - 6.5 |
| Water Solubility | 17 g/L (20 ºC) |
| Specific Heat Capacity | Cp(crystal): 0.81 J/(g·K), at 25℃ |
| Sensitive | Hygroscopic |
| Merck | 14,7653 |
| Solubility Product Constant (Ksp) | pKsp: 1.98 |
| Stability | Stable. Strong oxidiser - contact with combustible materials may lead to fire or explosion. Incompatible with reducing agents, organic materials. Forms explosive mixtures with alcohols. |
| InChI | 1S/ClHO4.K/c2-1(3,4)5;/h(H,2,3,4,5);/q;+1/p-1 |
| InChIKey | YLMGFJXSLBMXHK-UHFFFAOYSA-M |
| SMILES | [K+].[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O |
| LogP | -7.18 at 25℃ |
| CAS DataBase Reference | 7778-74-7(CAS DataBase Reference) |
| EWG's Food Scores | 1 |
| FDA UNII | 42255P5X4D |
| ATC code | H03BC01 |
| NIST Chemistry Reference | Potassium perchlorate(7778-74-7) |
| EPA Substance Registry System | Perchloric acid, potassium salt (1:1) (7778-74-7) |
| Toxicological Profile|ATSDR | Potassium perchlorate |Toxicological Profile|ATSDR |
| UNSPSC Code | 12352302 |
| NACRES | NB.24 |
SAFETY
Risk and Safety Statements
| Symbol(GHS) |   GHS03,GHS07 |
|||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Signal word | Danger | |||||||||
| Hazard statements | H271-H302 | |||||||||
| Precautionary statements | P210-P301+P312+P330 | |||||||||
| PPE | dust mask type N95 (US), Eyeshields, Gloves, type P3 (EN 143) respirator cartridges | |||||||||
| Hazard Codes | O,Xn | |||||||||
| Risk Statements | 9-22 | |||||||||
| Safety Statements | 13-22-27 | |||||||||
| RIDADR | UN 1489 | |||||||||
| WGK Germany | 1 | |||||||||
| RTECS | SC9700000 | |||||||||
| TSCA | TSCA listed | |||||||||
| HS Code | 2829 90 10 | |||||||||
| HazardClass | 5.1 | |||||||||
| PackingGroup | II | |||||||||
| Storage Class | 5.1A - Strongly oxidizing hazardous materials | |||||||||
| Hazard Classifications | Acute Tox. 4 Oral Ox. Sol. 1 |
|||||||||
| Hazardous Substances Data | 7778-74-7(Hazardous Substances Data) | |||||||||
| REACH Registrations | Active | |||||||||
| Limited Quantities | 1.0 kg (2.2 lbs) (solid) | |||||||||
| Excepted Quantities | Max Inner Pack (30g or 30ml) and Max Outer Pack (500g or 500ml) | |||||||||
| NFPA 704 |
|
Potassium perchlorate price More Price(44)
| Manufacturer | Product number | Product description | CAS number | Packaging | Price | Updated | Buy |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sigma-Aldrich | 241830 | Potassium perchlorate ACS reagent, ≥99% | 7778-74-7 | 100g | $67.9 | 2026-04-30 | Buy |
| Sigma-Aldrich | 241830 | Potassium perchlorate ACS reagent, ≥99% | 7778-74-7 | 500g | $215 | 2026-04-30 | Buy |
| Sigma-Aldrich | 1.05076 | Potassium perchlorate for analysis EMSURE? ACS | 7778-74-7 | 250g | $164 | 2026-04-30 | Buy |
| Sigma-Aldrich | 1.05076 | Potassium perchlorate for analysis EMSURE? ACS | 7778-74-7 | 1kg | $447 | 2026-04-30 | Buy |
| Strem Chemicals | 93-1935 | Potassium perchlorate, 99% 99% | 7778-74-7 | 100g | $30 | 2026-04-30 | Buy |
Potassium perchlorate Chemical Properties, Uses, Production
Chemical Properties
Potassium perchlorate occurs as a colorless crystal or crystalline powder. It decomposes at 400℃ and may also decompose by organic matter, oxidizable substances and on concussion. Potassium perchlorate is soluble in 65 parts cold water, 15 parts boiling water and is practically insoluble in alcohol.
Physical properties
Colorless crystals or white crystalline powder; rhombohedral structure;density 2.52 g/cm3; melts around 610°C under controlled conditions; decomposes at 400°C; slightly soluble in cold water 0.75 g/100mL at 0°C, soluble in boiling water, 21.8 g/100mL at 100°C; practically insoluble in alcohol; insoluble in ether.
Uses
Potassium perchlorate,is the first such compound discovered, is used in pyrotechnics and has the highest percentage of oxygen (60.1%).
Uses
Potassium perchlorate is used in ammunition percussion caps, explosive primers, fireworks and propellants. It acts as a solid rocket propellant. It is also used as an oxidizer in colored pyrotechnic compositions and flash powder. It is used as an antithyroid and involved in the treatment of hyperthyroidism. The mixture of anthracene and sulfur with potassium perchlorate is used for generating black smoke signaling.
Uses
In explosives, pyrotechnics and photography, in analytical chemistry.
Indications
The perchlorate ion of potassium perchlorate, KClO4, is a competitive inhibitor of thyroidal I- transport via the Sodium Iodide Symporter (NIS).This drug can cause fatal aplastic anemia and gastric ulcers and is now rarely used. If administered with careful supervision, in limited low doses and for only brief periods, serious toxic effects can be avoided. The compound is especially effective in treating iodine-induced hyperthyroidism, which may occur, for example, in patients treated with the antiarrhythmic compound amiodarone. Perchlorate ion can also be used in a diagnostic test of I- incorporation into Tg, the so-called perchlorate discharge test.
Preparation
The potassium perchlorate can be separated from the potassium chloride because it is less soluble in water; however, the preferred production route involves anodic oxidation of cold chloride solutions using a high voltage and high current density. The alkali perchlorates can also be prepared by neutralizing perchloric acid with alkali carbonates, or by metathesis between ammonium perchlorate and alkali sulphates.
General Description
A white crystalline solid. Forms explosive mixtures wilh certain combustible materials. Difficult to burn, but will accelerate burning of combustible materials. Prolonged exposure to fire or heat may result in an explosion. Used in explosives, pyrotechnics, photography.
Air & Water Reactions
Slight solubility in water (7.55 mg /mL of cold water).
Reactivity Profile
Potassium perchlorate is a strong oxidizing agent. Explosively decomposes at or over 400°C. Decomposed by organic matter (reducible material) and on concussion [Merck 11th ed. 1989]. Mixture with powdered magnesium is a friction-sensitive explosive [Safety Eng. Reports 1947]. Incompatible with reducing agents, such as: metal powders aluminum, titanium, barium, magnesium, nickel, and various metal hydrides, sulfur.
Hazard
Fire risk in contact with organic materials, strong oxidizing agent. Strong irritant.
Health Hazard
Inhalation, ingestion or contact (skin, eyes) with vapors or substance may cause severe injury, burns or death. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution.
Fire Hazard
These substances will accelerate burning when involved in a fire. Some may decompose explosively when heated or involved in a fire. May explode from heat or contamination. Some will react explosively with hydrocarbons (fuels). May ignite combustibles (wood, paper, oil, clothing, etc.). Containers may explode when heated. Runoff may create fire or explosion hazard.
Flammability and Explosibility
Not classified
reaction suitability
reagent type: oxidant
Safety Profile
An experimental teratogen. A powerful oxidizer. Severe irritant to skin, eyes, and mucous membranes. Has been implicated in aplastic anemia. Absorption can cause methemoglobinemia and hdney injury. It has been involved in many industrial explosions. Explodes on contact with aluminum + barium nitrate + potassium nitrate + water. Forms explosive mixtures with aluminum powder + titanium dioxide, ethylene glycol (240°C), cotton lint (245°C), furfural (27O°C), lactose, metal powders (e.g., aluminum, iron, magnesium, molybdenum, nickel, tantalum, titanium), sulfur, titanium hydride. Reaction with ethanol + heat forms the explosive ethyl perchlorate. Violent reaction or igmtion under the proper conditions with aluminum + aluminum fluoride, barium chromate + tungsten or titanium, boron + magnesium + silicone rubber, ferrocenium lammine- tetrahs(thiocyanat0-N) chromate(1-), potassium hexacyanocobaltate(3-), Al + Mg, charcoal, F2, Ni + Ti, reducing agents. When heated to decomposition it emits very toxic fumes of K2O and Cl-. See also PERCHLORATES.
Purification Methods
It crystallises from boiling water (5mL/g) on cooling. Dry it under vacuum at 105o.
Potassium perchlorate Preparation Products And Raw materials
Raw materials
Preparation Products
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