タリウム(I)クロリド 化学特性,用途語,生産方法
外観
白色～灰白色, 結晶性粉末～粉末
溶解性
水に難溶 (0.39g/100g, 25℃)。エタノールに不溶。水に溶けにくく、エタノール及びアセトンにほとんど溶けない。
解説
【Ⅰ】塩化タリウム(Ⅰ)：TlCl(239.84)．単に塩化タリウムともいう．タリウム(Ⅰ)化合物の水溶液に塩酸または塩化アルカリを加えると無色の結晶として得られる．等軸晶系．塩化セシウム型構造．融点430 ℃，沸点720 ℃．密度7.00 g cm－3．水に難溶，エタノール，アセトンに不溶．
用途
光学材料。
応用
タリウム(I)クロリド,水素気流中で還元すると金属タリウムを生じる．低温で蛍光を発するので放射線検出器に，また，赤外線をよく通すのでプリズムとして用いられる．また塩素化反応の触媒としても用いられる．201TlClは診断用放射性薬剤として用いられる．
化学的特性
White, crystalline powder; becomes violet
on exposure to light. Slightly soluble in water; insoluble in
alcohol, ammonium hydroxide.
使用
Catalyst (chlorination), suntan lamp monitors.
製造方法
Thallium chloride may be prepared by heating the metal with chlorine.
一般的な説明
White, crystalline powder, becomes violet on exposure to light. Used as a catalyst in chlorinations and in suntan lamps.
反応プロフィール
Fluorine and THALLIUM(I) CHLORIDE react violently, melting the product [Mellor Supp. 1:63 1956]. When heated to decomposition, THALLIUM(I) CHLORIDE emits very toxic fumes of chloride and thallium. Thallium(I) chloride is vigorously attacked by cold fluorine. A mixture of potassium and THALLIUM(I) CHLORIDE produces a weak explosion on impact [EPA, 1998].
危険性
Thallium chloride is highly toxic. Acute toxic effects are those of thallium poisoning.
健康ハザード
(Non-Specific -- Thallium Salts) Poisonous if swallowed. Inhalation of dust is poisonous.
火災危険
(Non-Specific -- Thallium Salts) Fire may produce irritating or poisonous gases. When heated to decomposition, THALLIUM(I) CHLORIDE emits very toxic fumes of chloride and thallium. Thallium(I) chloride is vigorously attacked by cold fluorine. A mixture of potassium and THALLIUM(I) CHLORIDE produces a weak explosion on impact.
安全性プロファイル
Poison by ingestion and intraperitoneal routes. An experimental teratogen. Mutation data reported. Incompatible with F2. When heated to decomposition it emits very toxic fumes of Cland T1. See also THALLIUM COMPOUNDS and CHLORIDES.
純化方法
Crystallise it from 1% HCl and wash it until acid-free, or crystallise it from hot water (50mL/g), then dry it at 140o and store it in brown bottles. Also purify it by subliming it in a vacuum, followed by treatment with dry HCl gas and filtering while molten. (It is soluble in 260 parts of cold water and 70 parts of boiling water). POISONOUS.
参考文献
A. Smakula, J. Kalnajs, Phys. Rev., 99, 1737 (1955), DOI: 10.1103/PhysRev.99.1737.
タリウム(I)クロリド 上流と下流の製品情報
原材料
準備製品