1-オクタデカノール 化学特性,用途語,生産方法
外観
白色の粒状
定義
本品は、セテアリルアルコール(*)のポリエチレングリコールエーテルであり、次の化学式で表される。
m：平均20、n：平均20
参照表示名称：セテアリルアルコール
溶解性
水に不溶, エタノール, エーテルに可溶。エタノール及びアセトンに溶け、水にほとんど溶けない。
解説
ステアリルアルコール【stearyl alcohol】
化学式CH3(CH2)17OH。マッコウ鯨油の成分である高級脂肪族飽和一価アルコール。ほかに，カモの尾腺，モンタン蠟，綿蠟中にも存在する。無臭，白色の蠟状固体で，純粋なものは薄い板状晶。融点58.0℃，沸点345℃，比重0.8392，比旋光度nD20＝1.4529。水に溶けやすい。おもにマッコウ鯨油の加水分解で製造され，合成洗剤，塩化ビニル可塑剤の原料，また化粧品，医薬品に供されていたが，クジラ資源の減少により工業用原料としての意味は少なくなり，石油化学を主とする合成高級脂肪族アルコールに代替されている。
用途
硫酸エステルとして表面活性剤に使用する。
原料由来
飽和高級アルコール（植物系のみ）
化粧品の成分用途
非水系増粘剤、可溶化剤、起泡剤、親水性増粘剤、乳化安定剤、乳化剤、洗浄剤、香料
効能
乳化補助剤
特徴
パーム・ヤシ由来の飽和高級アルコール。乳化物の安定化剤、過脂肪剤。様々な処方への応用が可能。C18の高純度タイプ。
特徴
パーム・ヤシ由来の飽和高級アルコール。乳化物の安定化剤、過脂肪剤。様々な処方への応用が可能。臭いを抑えたステアリルアルコール。
特徴
パーム・ヤシ由来の飽和高級アルコール。乳化物の安定化剤、過脂肪剤。様々な処方への応用が可能。当社ステアリルアルコールの標準タイプ。
特徴
高純度の飽和高級アルコール。
化学的特性
Stearyl alcohol, or 1-octadecanol, is an organic compound classified as a saturated fatty alcohol with the formula CH3(CH2)16CH2OH. It occurs as hard, white, waxy pieces, flakes, or granules, which have a slight characteristic odor and a bland taste. It is soluble in alcohol, acetone, and ether, but insoluble in water. Furthermore, it is combustible.
使用
1-Octadecanol is used as a surfactant in cosmetics. It effectively moisturizes hands and face with pheohydrane, which is a complex derived from the microalgae Chlorella Vulgaris and hydrolyzed algin found in sea water. It is a saturated alcohol of high purity and can substitute for cetyl alcohol in pharmaceutical dispensing, in cosmetic creams, for emulsions, textile oils and finishes, as antifoam agent, lubricant, viscosity agent, builder, and chemical raw material.
定義
ChEBI: Octadecan-1-ol is a long-chain primary fatty alcohol consisting of a hydroxy function at C-1 of an unbranched saturated chain of 18 carbon atoms. It has a role as a plant metabolite, a human metabolite and an algal metabolite. It is a long-chain primary fatty alcohol, a fatty alcohol 18:0 and a primary alcohol. It derives from a hydride of an octadecane.
調製方法
Historically, stearyl alcohol was prepared from sperm whale oil but
is now largely prepared synthetically by reduction of ethyl stearate
with lithium aluminum hydride.
主な応用
1-Octadecanol is a long chain primary alcohol that is used in the production of emulsions, textile oils, antifoam agents, and lubricants. Other large scale applications include the manufacture of alkyl amines, tertiary amines, ethoxylates, halides/mercaptans, and polymerization stabilizers. It generally occurs as a mixture of solid alcohols whose primary constituent is 1-octadecanol. It occurs naturally in sperm whale oil and has been isolated from the hyperthermophilic bacterium Pyrococcus furiosus.
1-Octadecanol has been used to model the plant epicuticular wax layer for an investigation by differential scanning calorimetry and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.
The use of 1-octadecanol to prepare microsphere formulations for such compounds as paclitaxel and indomethacin has been described.
製造方法
1-Octadecanol is prepared commercially via Ziegler aluminum alkyl hydrolysis or the catalytic, high-pressure hydrogenation of stearyl acid, followed by filtration and distillation. It may also be derived from natural fats and oils.
一般的な説明
Mixed monolayers of 1-octadecanol and ethylene glycol monooctadecyl ether were studied to investigate their evaporation suppressing performance. The rate dependence of the collapse pressure for an octadecanolmonolayer using axisymmetric drop shape analysis has been investigated.
健康ハザード
Mildly toxic by ingestion. Questionable carcinogen with experimental neoplastigenic data. A skin and eye irritant.
火災危険
Flammable when exposed to heat or flame; can react with oxidizing materials. To fight fire, use foam, CO2, dry chemical. When heated to decomposition it emits acrid smoke and irritating fumes.
応用例（製薬）
1-Octadecanol is used in cosmetics and topical pharmaceutical creams and ointments as a stiffening agent. By increasing the viscosity of an emulsion, stearyl alcohol increases its stability. 1-Octadecanol also has some emollient and weak emulsifying properties, and is used to increase the water-holding capacity of ointments, e.g. petrolatum. In addition, 1-Octadecanol has been used in controlled-release tablets, suppositories, and microspheres.It has also been investigated for use as a transdermal penetration enhancer.
安全性
Stearyl alcohol is generally considered to be an innocuous, nontoxic
material. However, adverse reactions to stearyl alcohol present in
topical preparations have been reported. These include contact
urticaria and hypersensitivity reactions, which are possibly due to
impurities contained in stearyl alcohol rather than stearyl alcohol
itself.
The probable lethal oral human dose is greater than 15 g/kg.
LD50 (rat, oral): 20 g/kg
合成
1-Octadecanol is synthesized from Stearic acid, which may be obtained by saponification of Tallow, or hydrogenation of Cottonseed oil, from Castor oil or from other natural oils.
貯蔵
Stearyl alcohol is stable to acids and alkalis and does not usually
become rancid. It should be stored in a well-closed container in a
cool, dry place.
純化方法
Crystallise octadecanol from MeOH, or dry Et2O and *C6H6, then fractionally distil it in vacuo. Also purify it by column chromatography. Free it from cetyl alcohol by zone refining. [Beilstein 1 IV 1888.]
不和合性
Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents and strong acids.
参考文献
[1] P. SELVIN THOMAS. Electrical properties of natural rubber nanocomposites: effect of 1-octadecanol functionalization of carbon nanotubes[J]. Journal of Materials Science, 2011. DOI:
10.1007/s10853-011-6174-4[2] DIANA N. H. TRAN. Molecular Interactions behind the Synergistic Effect in Mixed Monolayers of 1-Octadecanol and Ethylene Glycol Monooctadecyl Ether[J]. The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 2013. DOI:
10.1021/jp401027c[3] Rowe, R.C., Sheskey, P.J., & Quinn, M. (1994). Handbook of Pharmaceutical Excipients.
1-オクタデカノール 上流と下流の製品情報
原材料
準備製品