アリルブロミド 化学特性,用途語,生産方法
外観
無色～うすい黄褐色, 澄明の液体
溶解性
水に難溶, 各種有機溶剤に可溶。エタノール、クロロホルム、エーテルに可溶。水に微溶。
用途
有機合成(和光試薬時報Vol.64 No.2,p.26(1996))。
用途
有機合成原料 (化学工業日報社)
使用上の注意
不活性ガス封入
化学的特性
Allyl bromide is a flammable liquid with an intense, acrid, persistent smell. It is insoluble in water but in alcohol, aether, acetone, carbon tetrachloride, and chloroform. Allyl bromide is used to synthesize other allyl compounds, to synthesize dyestuff and spice, and as a curative in the medicine industry. Allyl bromide has a very high mobility in soil. It is also used as a soil fumigant and as a contact poison. Allyl bromide induces unscheduled DNA synthesis in HeLa cells.
主な応用
Allyl bromide can be used as a reagent to prepare:
Allyl ketones by Barbier-type allylation of various nitriles in the presence of Lewis acid.
Homoallylic alcohols by reacting with aldehydes or ketones using zinc dust as a catalyst.
1,5-hexadiene by reductive C-C bond coupling using silver hydride cluster.
一般的な説明
Allyl bromide appears as a clear colorless to light yellow liquid with an irritating unpleasant odor. Flash point 30 °F. Irritates eyes, skin, and respiratory system. Toxic by skin absorption. Denser than water and slightly soluble in water.
空気と水の反応
Highly flammable. Slightly soluble in water.
反応プロフィール
Allyl bromide decomposes upon heating and exposure to light, forming HBr (a strong reducing agent). Reacts violently with oxidizing agents. Can react exothermically with reducing agents to release hydrogen gas. In the presence of various catalysts (such as acids) or initiators, may undergo exothermic addition polymerization reactions.
危険性
Strong irritant to skin and eyes, flammable,
high fire risk. Upper respiratory tract irritant. Ques-
tionable carcinogen.
健康ハザード
Exposures to allyl bromide cause severe eye and skin burns, irritation to the eyes, skin,
and respiratory system. It is harmful when absorbed through the skin or inhaled in the
workplace. Laboratory rats exposed for a prolonged period of time developed symptoms
of poisoning, such as excessive salivation in a small number of animals, and severe gastric
irritation. Vapors of allyl bromide may cause dizziness or suffocation, headache, coughing,
and distressed breathing.
安全性プロファイル
Poison by ingestion and intraperitoneal routes. Mdly toxic by inhalation. Human mutation data reported. See also ALLYL CHLORIDE and ALLYL COMPOUNDS. Dangerous fire and explosion hazard when exposed to heat, flame, or oxidizers. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of Br-. To fight fire, use alcohol foam, water spray or mist, CO2, dry chemical
合成
Allyl alcohol was synthesized from glycerol and formic acid under inert atmosphere, hydrolysed with NaOH and fractionally distilled to yield the 73% allyl alcohol water azeotrope. This was then reacted with 48% hydrobromic acid and sulfuric acid and the allyl bromide distilled as per the conventional method. It was then redistilled with 3A molecular sieves drying agent to yield the final product which is stored over additional 3A molecular sieves.
貯蔵
Allyl bromide should be stored separate from oxidizing materials and alkalis in a cool,
dry, well-ventilated location in tightly closed containers.
合成方法
アリルアルコールに三臭化リンや臭化水素酸を作用させて合成する
輸送方法
UN1099 Allyl bromide, Hazard Class: 3; Labels: 3-Flammable liquid, 6.1-Poisonous materials
純化方法
Wash the bromide with NaHCO3 solution then distilled water, dry (CaCl2 or MgSO4), and fractionally distil. Protect it from strong light.
不和合性
Vapor may form explosive mixture with air. Incompatible with oxidizers (chlorates, nitrates, peroxides, permanganates, perchlorates, chlorine, bromine, fluorine, etc.); contact may cause fires or explosions. Keep away from alkaline materials, strong bases, strong acids, oxoacids, epoxides. Heat or light exposure may cause decomposition and corrosive vapors.
廃棄物の処理
In accordance with 40CFR 165 recommendations for the disposal of pesticides and pesticide containers. Must be disposed properly by following package label directions or by contacting your local or federal environmental control agency, or by contacting your regional EPA office.
予防処置
Workers should wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA), goggles
and a face shield, protective clothing for high concentrations of vapor, chemical protective
clothing that is specifi cally recommended by the manufacturer to avoid poisoning.
Workers should be careful as allyl bromide reacts with oxidizing materials and alkalis.
アリルブロミド 上流と下流の製品情報
原材料
準備製品