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| | VIP (human, porcine, rat, ovine) (trifluoroacetate salt) Basic information |
| | VIP (human, porcine, rat, ovine) (trifluoroacetate salt) Chemical Properties |
| solubility | Formic Acid: 1 mg/ml
Water: 1mg/mL |
| | VIP (human, porcine, rat, ovine) (trifluoroacetate salt) Usage And Synthesis |
| Description | Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) is a 28-amino acid peptide that has roles as a hormone and neurotransmitter and has diverse biological activities, including roles in vasodilation, inflammation, and metabolism, as well as regulation of the circadian rhythm.1 It is an agonist of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide receptor 1 (VPAC1) and VPAC2, inducing adenylate cyclase activity with EC50 values of 3 and 8 nM, respectively, in CHO cell membranes expressing the recombinant human receptors, and is selective for these receptors over proteasome assembly chaperone 1 (PAC1; Ki = 500-1,000 nM in radioligand binding assays).2,3 VIP (10-300 nM) induces relaxation of isolated human fundus or antrum circular smooth muscle strips precontracted with carbachol (carbamoylcholine; Item No. 14486).4 It reduces increases in gastric acid secretion and mucosal blood flow induced by the CCK2 receptor agonist pentagastrin (Item No. 28546) in conscious dogs when administered intravenously at a dose of 8 µg/kg.5 VIP (5-10 nmol/animal, i.p.) decreases serum and peritoneal lavage levels of TNF-α and IL-6 and reduces mortality in a mouse model of LPS-induced endotoxemia.6 It inhibits replication of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in Calu-3 human lung epithelial cells and isolated human peripheral blood monocytes.7 It also inhibits production of IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α in SARS-CoV-2-infected Calcu-3 cells.WARNING This product is not for human or veterinary use. | | References | [1] M. IWASAKI J K Y Akiba. Recent advances in vasoactive intestinal peptide physiology and pathophysiology: focus on the gastrointestinal system[J]. F1000Research, 2019. DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.18039.1
[2] JEAN VAN RAMPELBERGH. Characterization of a novel VPAC1 selective agonist and identification of the receptor domains implicated in the carboxyl-terminal peptide recognition[J]. British Journal of Pharmacology, 2009, 130 4: 819-826. DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0703384
[3] ANTHONY J HARMAR. Pharmacology and functions of receptors for vasoactive intestinal peptide and pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide: IUPHAR Review 1[J]. British Journal of Pharmacology, 2012, 166 1: 4-17. DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2012.01871.x
[4] C SEVERI. Vasoactive intestinal peptide receptor subtypes and signalling pathways involved in relaxation of human stomach.[J]. Neurogastroenterology and Motility, 2006, 18 11: 1009-1018. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2982.2006.00822.x
[5] S J KONTUREK. Comparison of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and secretin in gastric secretion and mucosal blood flow.[J]. Pflugers Archiv : European journal of physiology, 1976, 361 2: 175-181. DOI: 10.1007/bf00583463
[6] MARIO DELGADO. Anti-inflammatory properties of the type 1 and type 2 vasoactive intestinal peptide receptors: role in lethal endotoxic shock[J]. European Journal of Immunology, 2000, 30 11: 3236-3246. DOI: 10.1002/1521-4141(200011)30:11<3236::aid-immu3236>3.0.co;2-l
[7] De Souza, F.I., Zumiotti, A.V., and Da Silva, C.F. Neuregulins 1-α and 1-β on the regeneration the peripheral nerves[J]. Acta Ortop Bras. |
| | VIP (human, porcine, rat, ovine) (trifluoroacetate salt) Preparation Products And Raw materials |
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