The AK5 antibody targets adenylate kinase 5 (AK5), an enzyme belonging to the adenylate kinase family, which regulates cellular energy homeostasis by catalyzing the reversible transfer of phosphate groups between nucleotides (e.g., ATP and AMP). AK5 is distinct from other isoforms (e.g., AK1. AK2) due to its specific expression patterns and subcellular localization. Primarily found in the cytoplasm, AK5 is highly expressed in tissues like the brain, testes, and immune cells, suggesting roles in neuronal function, spermatogenesis, and immune responses.
Research indicates AK5 may influence cell proliferation, apoptosis, and metabolic adaptation. Dysregulation of AK5 has been linked to diseases such as cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, and inflammatory conditions. For instance, reduced AK5 expression in glioblastoma correlates with poor prognosis, while its upregulation in certain cancers may promote tumor survival under metabolic stress.
The AK5 antibody is a critical tool for studying these mechanisms. It enables detection and quantification of AK5 in biological samples via techniques like Western blot, immunohistochemistry, and ELISA. Commercial antibodies are typically validated for specificity, often through knockout cell line controls. Recent studies also explore AK5's interaction with signaling pathways, such as AMPK and mTOR, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic target. However, functional studies remain limited, emphasizing the need for further research to clarify AK5's precise roles in health and disease.