The STAT5B antibody is a crucial tool in studying the STAT (Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription) protein family, specifically targeting the STAT5B isoform. STAT5B, along with STAT5A, is a transcription factor activated by cytokine, hormone, and growth factor signaling via the JAK-STAT pathway. Upon receptor ligation, STAT5B is phosphorylated at tyrosine residues (e.g., Y699), leading to dimerization, nuclear translocation, and regulation of target genes involved in cell proliferation, differentiation, survival, and immune responses. STAT5B shares ~96% amino acid identity with STAT5A but exhibits distinct roles in immune regulation, metabolism, and hematopoiesis, with STAT5B mutations linked to immune dysregulation, growth disorders, and cancer.
STAT5B antibodies are widely used in research to detect protein expression, phosphorylation status, and localization in tissues or cells. They enable techniques like Western blotting, immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry, and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP). Dysregulated STAT5B signaling is implicated in leukemias, lymphomas, and autoimmune diseases, making these antibodies vital for mechanistic studies and therapeutic development. Validation of STAT5B antibodies requires specificity checks using knockout controls or siRNA, as cross-reactivity with STAT5A is common. Commercial antibodies often target conserved regions (e.g., C-terminus) or phospho-specific epitopes to distinguish active isoforms. Research on STAT5B continues to uncover its tissue-specific functions and potential as a biomarker or drug target in precision medicine.