MAP2 (Microtubule-Associated Protein 2) antibodies are widely used tools in neuroscience research to identify and study neurons, particularly their dendritic structures. MAP2 is a cytoskeletal protein predominantly expressed in neuronal dendrites, where it stabilizes microtubules and contributes to dendritic morphology, synaptic plasticity, and neuronal development. It exists in multiple isoforms (e.g., MAP2A, MAP2B, MAP2C), with high-molecular-weight isoforms (MAP2A/B) enriched in mature neurons and lower-weight isoforms (MAP2C) present during early development.
MAP2 antibodies specifically target epitopes on these isoforms, enabling visualization of dendritic arbors in brain tissue sections or cultured neurons via immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, or Western blotting. Their specificity makes them valuable markers for distinguishing dendrites from axons (which lack MAP2) and assessing neuronal health in studies of neurodegenerative diseases (e.g., Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s), brain injury, or developmental disorders.
These antibodies also aid in evaluating neuronal differentiation in vitro, as MAP2 expression increases during maturation. Researchers must consider isoform specificity, cross-reactivity, and tissue-processing methods (e.g., fixation) when interpreting results. Overall, MAP2 antibodies remain indispensable for exploring neuronal structure, function, and pathology, bridging cellular changes to neurological outcomes.