CD36 antibodies are immunological tools targeting the CD36 glycoprotein, a class B scavenger receptor widely expressed on cell membranes, including macrophages, platelets, adipocytes, and endothelial cells. CD36 plays multifaceted roles in lipid metabolism, inflammation, angiogenesis, and pathogen recognition. It facilitates cellular uptake of long-chain fatty acids, oxidized low-density lipoproteins (oxLDL), and phospholipids, contributing to metabolic regulation and atherosclerotic plaque formation. Additionally, CD36 mediates immune responses by interacting with pathogen-associated molecular patterns (e.g., malaria-infected erythrocytes) and modulating Toll-like receptor signaling.
CD36 antibodies are employed in research to detect CD36 expression, assess its function, or block ligand interactions. Monoclonal and polyclonal variants are used in techniques like flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry, and Western blotting. Dysregulated CD36 expression is linked to metabolic disorders (e.g., insulin resistance), cardiovascular diseases, and cancer metastasis. Certain CD36 antibodies inhibit fatty acid uptake or oxLDL internalization, aiding mechanistic studies in metabolic syndromes. Clinically, CD36 deficiency (e.g., platelet glycoprotein IV deficiency) is diagnosed using specific antibodies. Challenges include variable antibody specificity due to CD36’s post-translational modifications. Ongoing studies explore therapeutic applications, such as targeting CD36 in obesity or tumor microenvironments. Overall, these antibodies are pivotal in elucidating CD36’s pathophysiological roles and translational potential.