The SERPINA1 gene encodes alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT), a serine protease inhibitor primarily synthesized in the liver and released into the bloodstream. AAT plays a critical role in protecting tissues, particularly the lungs, from damage caused by neutrophil-derived enzymes like elastase. SERPINA1 antibodies are tools used to detect and study this protein in research and diagnostic contexts. Inherited mutations in SERPINA1 can lead to alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD), a condition associated with reduced AAT levels or dysfunctional protein. This deficiency predisposes individuals to lung diseases (e.g., emphysema) and liver disorders due to uncontrolled protease activity or toxic protein aggregation in hepatocytes. SERPINA1 antibodies are essential for diagnosing AATD through immunoassays, monitoring AAT levels in replacement therapies, and investigating disease mechanisms. They also aid in studying AAT's broader roles, including its anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and antimicrobial properties, which are relevant to conditions like chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), liver cirrhosis, and autoimmune disorders. Additionally, these antibodies support research into AAT's potential therapeutic applications beyond AATD, such as in diabetes or ischemia-reperfusion injury. Commercial SERPINA1 antibodies vary in specificity, targeting different epitopes or post-translational modifications.