The CHRNA3 antibody targets the alpha-3 subunit of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR), a ligand-gated ion channel critical for synaptic signaling in the nervous system. Encoded by the CHRNA3 gene, this subunit combines with others (e.g., beta-4) to form functional receptors predominantly expressed in autonomic ganglia, the adrenal medulla, and specific brain regions. CHRNA3-containing receptors mediate fast neurotransmission and modulate neurotransmitter release, influencing processes like addiction, pain perception, and autonomic function.
Research links CHRNA3 polymorphisms to nicotine dependence, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and lung cancer, highlighting its clinical relevance. Antibodies against CHRNA3 are essential tools for studying receptor expression, localization, and dysfunction in these conditions. They are used in techniques such as Western blotting, immunohistochemistry (IHC), and immunofluorescence (IF) to investigate CHRNA3’s role in disease mechanisms or neuronal signaling pathways.
CHRNA3 antibodies are typically validated for specificity using knockout controls or recombinant protein assays. Commercial variants may be polyclonal (broad epitope recognition) or monoclonal (high specificity), with applications in both basic research and drug development. For instance, they help assess CHRNA3 as a therapeutic target for smoking cessation or as a biomarker in oncology. However, challenges remain in distinguishing CHRNA3 from homologous subunits (e.g., α5 or α7) due to structural similarities, necessitating careful experimental design. Overall, these antibodies advance our understanding of nAChR biology and its implications in neurological and systemic disorders.